Inactivation of Human Norovirus GII.4 and in the Sea Squirt () by Floating Electrode-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma.

Human norovirus (HNoV) GII.4 and may be found in sea squirts. Antimicrobial effects of floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma (5-75 min, N 1.

Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish and shrimp aquaculture farms along the Korean coast.

The present study investigated the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water samples and aquatic animals (fish and shrimp) from major aquaculture farms along the Korean coast in 2018. V. parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen causing seafood-borne illness.

Antibiotic resistance in shellfish and major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Kamak Bay, Republic of Korea.

Shellfish-growing areas in marine environments are affected by pollutants that mainly originate from land, including streams, domestic wastewater, and the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which may function as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance at five oyster sampling sites and 11 major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Kamak Bay, Republic of Korea. Culture-based methods were used to estimate the diversity and abundance of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from oysters and major inland pollution sources.

Assessment of potential infectivity of human norovirus in the traditional Korean salted clam product "Jogaejeotgal" by floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge plasma.

This study investigated the antiviral effects of floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 43 kHz, N 1.5 m/s, 5-30 min) against human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.

Bis[2,3-bis-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-κ , ]palladium(II) dinitrate aceto-nitrile monosolvate.

The title compound, [Pd(CHN)](NO)·CHCN, consists of a cationic Pd complex, two anions and one lattice solvent mol-ecule, all in general positions. In the complex, the Pd cation is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry defined by the four N atoms of two bidentate 2,3-di-2-pyridyl-pyrazine ligands. The complex, anions and solvent mol-ecule are linked by weak C-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds.

Di-chlorido-(pyridine-κ)[2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-κ , , ]nickel(II).

In the title complex, [NiCl(CHN)(CHN)], the Ni ion is six-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment defined by three N atoms of the tridentate 2,3,5,6-tetra-2-pyridyl-pyrazine ligand, one N atom of the pyridine ligand and two Cl anions, with the latter being mutually . The complex is disposed about a twofold rotation axis along the axis. The complex molecules are connected in the crystal C-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯N and π-π [closest inter-centroid separation = 3.

Di-μ-chlorido-bis-{chlorido-[2,4,6-tris-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-κ , , ]nickel(II)}.

In the title compound, [NiCl(CHN)], the Ni ions are hexa-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment defined by three N atoms of the tridentate 2,4,6-tri-2-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine ligand and three Cl anions in a meridional geometry. The two Ni ions are bridged by two Cl anionic ligands, thereby forming a dinuclear complex. A crystallographic centre of inversion is located at the centroid of the NiCl ring.

-Poly[[(2,2'-bi-pyridine-κ ,')manganese(II)]-di-μ-bromido].

In the polymeric title complex, [MnBr(CHN)] , the Mn ion, situated on a twofold axis of symmetry, is six-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry defined by two N atoms from the chelating 2,2'-bi-pyridine ligand and four bridging Br anions. The crystal reveals a one-dimensional Br-bridged chain along the axis direction with a zigzag topology. In the crystals, contacts between chains include π-π inter-actions between pyridyl rings [inter-centroid separation = 4.

(Nitrato-κ)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-κ ,','')palladium(II) nitrate.

The title complex, [Pd(NO)(CHN)]NO, comprises a cationic Pd complex and a nitrate anion. In the complex, the Pd cation is four-coordinated in a distorted square-planar coordination geometry defined by the three N atoms of the tridentate 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand and one O atom from the NO anion. In the crystal, the complex mol-ecules are stacked in columns along the axis being connected by π-π stacking [closest inter-centroid separation between pyridyl rings = 3.

{4,4'-Di-bromo-2,2'-[cyclo-hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenolato-κ ,,','}nickel(II).

In the title compound, [Ni(CHBrNO)], the Ni ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry defined by two N atoms and two O atoms of the tetra-dentate dianionic 4,4'-di-bromo-2,2'-[cyclo-hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenolato ligand. Pairs of complex mol-ecules are assembled by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with (C⋯O) = 3.247 (4) Å.

Virucidal Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on Human Norovirus Infectivity in Fresh Oysters ().

This study investigates the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 43 kHz, N 1.5 L/min, 10~60 min) on human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.

Level of contamination in the feces of several species at major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay, Republic of Korea.

We assessed the levels of fecal contamination and the originating species of 12 major inland pollutants in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay. The presence of the human-specific (HF183), ruminant-specific (BacR and Rum-2-Bac), pig-specific (Pig-Bac-2 and Pig-2-Bac), avian-specific (GFD), and gull-specific (Gull2) markers in water samples (n = 34) from 12 inland pollution sources around Yeoja Bay was analyzed. HF183 was detected in 97% of the water samples, and all major inland pollution sources were contaminated with human feces.

Bacteriological quality evaluation of seawater and oysters from the Hansan-Geojeman area in Korea, 2011-2013: impact of inland pollution sources.

From 2011 to 2013, we conducted a full sanitary survey of pollution sources in proximity to a shellfish growing area in the Hansan-Geojeman region in Korea, which includes a designated shellfish growing area. In the sea area, 1152 seawater and 209 oyster samples were collected and examined to evaluate their bacteriological quality. There were 758 potential pollution sources in the drainage area, including 40 sources discharging water in 2013.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in oysters from the southern coast of Korea: assessment of potential risk to human health.

From 2009 to 2013, 80 oyster and 16 seawater samples were collected from the southern coast of Korea, including designated shellfish growing areas for export. The concentrations and bioaccumulation of heavy metals were determined, and a potential risk assessment was conducted to evaluate their hazards towards human consumption. The cadmium (Cd) concentration in oysters was the highest of three hazardous metals, including Cd, lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), however, below the standards set by various countries.

[1,4-Bis(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)butane-κ(2) P,P']di-bromido-palladium(II).

In the title complex, [PdBr2(C28H28P2)], the Pd(II) ion has a distorted cis-Br2P2 square-planar coordination geometry defined by two P atoms from the chelating 1,4-bis-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)butane ligand and two Br(-) anions. The four phenyl rings are inclined to the least-squares plane of the PdBr2P2 unit [maximum deviation = 0.1294 (7) Å], making dihedral angles of 66.

cis-Dibromidobis(2-phenyl-pyridine-κN)platinum(II).

In the title complex, [PtBr(2)(C(11)H(9)N)(2)], the Pt(II) ion has a distorted cis-Br(2)N(2) square-planar coordination geometry defined by two N atoms from two 2-phenyl-pyridine (ppy) ligands and two Br(-) anions. The ppy ligands are not planar, the dihedral angles between the pyridine and benzene rings being 49.0 (3) and 47.

Bis(di-2-pyridyl-amine-κ(2)N(2),N(2'))palladium(II) bis-(thio-cyanate).

The Pd(II) atom of the title salt, [Pd(C(10)H(9)N(3))(2)](NCS)(2), lies on a center of inversion and exists in a square-planar environment defined by the four pyridine N atoms derived from the two chelating di-2-pyridyl-amine (dpa) ligands. The chelate ring displays a boat conformation with a dihedral angle between the pyridine rings of 43.0 (1)°.

(Di-2-pyridyl-amine-κ(2)N(2),N(2'))diiodidopalladium(II).

The Pd(II) ion in the title complex, [PdI(2)(C(10)H(9)N(3))], is four-coordinated in a distorted square-planar environment defined by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating di-2-pyridyl-amine (dpa) ligand and two I(-) anions. The dpa ligand is not planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridine rings being 51.2 (2)°.

Tetra-bromido(di-2-pyridyl-amine-κ(2)N(2),N(2'))platinum(IV).

The Pt(IV) ion in the title complex, [PtBr(4)(C(10)H(9)N(3))], is six-coordinated in a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment by two pyridine N atoms from a chelating di-2-pyridyl-amine (dpa) ligand and four Br(-) anions. The complex mol-ecule has mirror symmetry, with the Pt(IV) atom, two Br atoms and the central N atom of the dpa ligand lying on the mirror plane. The dpa ligand is not planar, showing a dihedral angle of 34.

(2,2'-Bipyrimidine-κ(2)N(1),N(1'))diiodidopalladium(II).

In the title complex, [PdI(2)(C(8)H(6)N(4))], the Pd(II) ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment defined by two pyrimidine N atoms derived from a chelating 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpym) ligand and two mutually cis iodide anions. The nearly planar bpym ligand [maximum deviation = 0.053 (3) Å] is slightly inclined to the least-squares plane of the PdI(2)N(2) unit [maximum deviation = 0.

2-Eth-oxy-6-{[1-(3-eth-oxy-2-hy-droxy-benz-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]meth-yl}phenol nitro-methane monosolvate.

In the title solvate, C(24)H(24)N(2)O(4)·CH(3)NO(2), the benzene ring of the 2-eth-oxy-6-methyl-phenol substituent is approximately perpendicular to the nearly planar benzimidazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.021 (2) Å], making a dihedral angle of 84.32 (7)°.

(2,3-Di-2-pyridyl-pyrazine-κ(2)N(2),N(3))diiodidoplatinum(II).

The Pt(II) ion in the title complex, [PtI(2)(C(14)H(10)N(4))], exists in a distorted square-planar environment defined by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating 2,3-di-2-pyridyl-pyrazine ligand and two iodide anions. The pyridine rings are inclined to the least-squares plane of the PtI(2)N(2) unit [maximum deviation = 0.070 (3) Å] at 66.

4-Nitro-2-{[(tricyclo-[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decan-1-yl)iminium-yl]meth-yl}phenolate.

The title compound, C(17)H(20)N(2)O(3), is a Schiff base, which is found as a zwitterion in the solid state. The geometry around the iminium N atom indicates sp(2)-hybridization. The zwitterion shows a strong intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-action between the iminium N atom and the phenolate O atom.

A monoclinic polymorph of (R,R)-4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-[cyclo-hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenol.

The title compound, C(20)H(20)Br(2)N(2)O(2), a tetra-dentate Schiff base, is the enanti-omerically pure R,R-diastereomer of four possible stereoisomers. The mol-ecular structure reveals two strong intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the hy-droxy O atom and the imino N atom, which each generate S(6) rings. In the crystal, mol-ecules are stacked in columns along the a axis; when viewed down the b axis, successive columns are stacked in the opposite direction.

4,4'-Dinitro-2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(iminiumylmethanylyl-idene)]diphenolate.

The title compound, C(17)H(16)N(4)O(6), is a Schiff base, which is found as a bis-zwitterion in the solid state. The geometry around the iminium N atom indicates sp(2)-hybridization. The diiminiumpropyl-ene chain is in an approximate double-gauche conformation, with average N-C-C-C torsion angles of 69.