Insecticide resistance mutations of Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea.

The number of reported malaria cases transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes in the Republic of Korea (ROK) increased from 420 in 2022 to 746 in 2023, a 77.6% increase. Eight Anopheles species are currently reported in the ROK, including six species belonging to the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group and one species each belonging to the Barbirostris Group and Lindesayi Group.

Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Ulleungdo and Dokdo, located in the East Sea, are volcanic islands with high ecological value due to their unique biodiversity. Although research on the insect fauna on these two Islands has been conducted from the early 19 century to recent times, limitations exist due to several issues, including misidentifications and historical errors. This study addresses these issues by conducting a comprehensive insect survey from 2020 to 2023, re-identifying misidentified specimens and compiling references to create an updated and accurate checklist of insect species for Ulleungdo and Dokdo.

Genetic diversity and Wolbachia infection in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a major vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is found across a broad geographical range, including Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe. Understanding the population structure and genetic diversity of pathogen vectors is increasingly seen as important for effective disease control. In China and Japan, two countries in close proximity to the Republic of Korea (ROK), Cx.

Screening for Lung Cancer, Overdiagnosis, and Healthcare Utilization: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Guideline-discordant low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening may cause lung cancer (LC) overdiagnosis, but its extent and consequences are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-initiated, non-reimbursed LDCT screening in a predominantly non-smoking population and its impact on LC epidemiology and healthcare utilization.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study analyzed data from Korea's National Health Information Database and 11 academic hospital screening centers (1999-2022).

Comparing Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization (HCRU) Using LAMA versus LABA/ICS at Treatment Initiation for COPD: Findings from CITRUS (Comparing the Incidence of Tiotropium and ICS/LABA in Real-World Use in South Korea) Study.

Background: COPD causes substantial economic burden on healthcare. Alternative treatment strategies for COPD can be associated with different costs dependent upon their relative safety and effectiveness. We compared costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) associated with LAMA or LABA/ICS initiation.

Risk factors of acute exacerbation and disease progression in young patients with COPD.

Objective: We aimed to elucidate the clinical factors associated with acute exacerbation and disease progression in young patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal observational study included patients with COPD aged between 20 and 50 years with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC)<0.7.

Effects of Mild Closed-Head Injury and Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion on Microglia, Axonal Injury, and Synaptic Density in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects millions of people in the U.S. Approximately 20-30% of those individuals develop adverse symptoms lasting at least 3 months.

Effect of salinity on the oviposition and growth of .

is a salt-tolerant euryhaline mosquito that lays its eggs in rock pools. Although it is a pest that can transmit flaviviruses and filarial worms to humans, ecological studies have not been previously conducted because of its limited habitat. However, rising sea levels have created a more favorable environment for , increasing the risk of -borne diseases.

External Validation of a Digital Pathology-based Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Architecture in the NRG/RTOG 9902 Phase 3 Trial.

Background: Accurate risk stratification is critical to guide management decisions in localized prostate cancer (PCa). Previously, we had developed and validated a multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) model generated from digital histopathology and clinical features. Here, we externally validate this model on men with high-risk or locally advanced PCa treated and followed as part of a phase 3 randomized control trial.

The impact of inappropriate steroid exposure before the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by vasculitis. In South Korea, some pediatric doctors empirically prescribe steroids to control febrile pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with KD after steroid exposure.

Wing geometric morphometrics and COI barcoding of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea.

Two members of the Culex pipiens subgroup, Culex pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus, are known to occur in the Republic of Korea (ROK). These species exhibit morphologically similar features and are challenging to distinguish below the species level.

Central Catheter-Induced Cardiac Tamponade in Neonates: Two Case Reports.

Intraoperative central venous catheter (CVC) insertion has become a routine procedure for pediatric cardiac surgery patients at our center. The case in which large amounts of pericardial effusion resulting in cardiac tamponade other than direct puncture of the catheter is a rare, but often causes fatal complications. Two of our patients suffered cardiac collapse after surgery owing to cardiac tamponade.

Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea.

Human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is the most predominant mosquito-borne disease that is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), there are currently several hundred malaria cases annually, mostly near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes are currently known to be present in the ROK.

Right lower lung midline herniation as a rare complication in an infant with heart-lung transplantation: A case report.

Background: Lung herniation is a rare complication of heart-lung transplantation that can be fatal owing to vascular compromise and airway obstruction. To date, only five cases of lung herniation related to heart-lung transplantation have been reported in the literature; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of heart-lung transplantation-related lung herniation in an infant.

Methods: We describe the case of lung herniation as a rare heart-lung transplantation-related complication in an infant.

Distribution and frequency of ace-1 and kdr mutations of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea.

Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens subgroup are the primary vectors of the West Nile virus. Two members, Culex pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus, are present in the Republic of Korea (ROK).

False-positive supraclavicular lymph node detected on chest computed tomography in oncology patients: Clinical implication based on subsequent neck ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided tissue sampling.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical implications of false-positive supraclavicular lymph node (LN) detected on chest computed tomography (CT), using subsequent neck ultrasonography (US) and US-guided tissue sampling.

Methods: Among 172 patients with suspected supraclavicular LNs identified on CT, 87 underwent neck US or US-guided tissue sampling. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic performance of US and independent predictors of false-positive LNs.

Military-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical characteristics, advanced neuroimaging, and molecular mechanisms.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant health burden among military service members. Although mTBI was once considered relatively benign compared to more severe TBIs, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the devastating neurological consequences of mTBI, including chronic post-concussion symptoms and deficits in cognition, memory, sleep, vision, and hearing. The discovery of reliable biomarkers for mTBI has been challenging due to under-reporting and heterogeneity of military-related mTBI, unpredictability of pathological changes, and delay of post-injury clinical evaluations.

Effects of a Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion on Inflammatory and Behavioral Outcomes after Closed Head Injury in Rats.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people annually, and most cases are classified as mild TBI (mTBI). Ketamine is a potent trauma analgesic and anesthetic with anti-inflammatory properties. However, ketamine's effects on post-mTBI outcomes are not well characterized.

Foreign body ingestion trends in children in the Daegu-Kyungpook Province, Korea before and during the COVID-19 period: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period, children spent more time at home, which is where most foreign body ingestions (FBIs) in children occur. We compared the rate of FBI in children in the Daegu-Kyungpook Province during COVID-19 to the rate in the 2 years before the COVID-19 period.

Methods: The period from January to December in the year 2020 was defined as the COVID-19 period, and the corresponding time period in 2018 and 2019 was defined as the pre-COVID-19 period.

Inference of selection pressures that drive insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in Korea.

Pyrethroids are primarily used for mosquito control in Korea. However, high frequencies of mutations conferring resistance to not only pyrethroids but also to other insecticides have been found in mosquito populations. This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that insecticides used outside of public health may play a role in selection.

Clinical characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot with left pulmonary artery acute angulation on computed tomography.

Left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis with acute angulation commonly necessitates surgical revision in the treatment of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We investigated the clinical characteristics of acute angulation of the LPA in patients with TOF via computed tomography (CT). Between 2011 and 2022, 160 patients were diagnosed with TOF using CT.