Significance of an endoscopically injected nodule detected on ultrasound as a predictive factor for the resolution of vesicoureteral reflux.

Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is feasible in pediatric patients. As endoscopic injection has a lower success rate than ureteral reimplantation, a postoperative voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is usually performed. The present study evaluated whether the presence of a nodule on noninvasive ultrasound could predict the resolution of VUR and replace invasive VCUG.

Risk factors for contralateral patent processus vaginalis determined by transinguinal laparoscopic examination.

Concurrent contralateral inguinal exploration in children with unilateral hernia or hydrocele is a subject of debate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) using transinguinal laparoscopy (inguinoscopy). In addition, the risk factors of CPPV were evaluated in order to facilitate the selection of appropriate candidates for contralateral examination.

Urothelial Tumors of the Urinary Bladder in Two Adolescent Patients: Emphasis on Follow-up Methods.

Here we describe two cases of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential in adolescent boys. One case was a 16-year-old boy with a polypoid mass beside the right ureteral orifice and the other case was a 13-year-old boy with a papillary mass beside the left ureteral orifice. The initial presentation was hematuria in both cases and the bladder mass was detected by ultrasonography.

Role of Urodynamic Study in Nocturnal Enuresis: Urodynamic Findings and Treatment Outcome Correlation in Children with Pharmacotherapy-resistant Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis or Severe Non-monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether or not a urodynamic study (UDS) is beneficial for management of pediatric nocturnal enuresis (NE), especially in pharmacoresistant monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PRMNE) or severe non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) patients.

Methods: Children with PRMNE or severe NMNE who underwent a UDS for the process of NE treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The UDS findings of patients and treatment outcomes of subsequent tailored therapies according to the UDS findings were analyzed.

Factors affecting the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for unilateral urinary stones in children: a 17-year single-institute experience.

Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a first-line treatment for pediatric urinary stone disease. We aimed to determine the factors affecting the outcome of ESWL for unilateral urinary stones in children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 81 pediatric patients aged 0 to 16 years with urinary stones treated by ESWL from January 1995 through May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

A novel technique of concealed penis repair.

Introduction: The correction of concealed penis requires challenging surgical techniques. We describe a novel technique involving inner preputial skin substitution after degloving through a ventral approach that allows sufficient penile skin coverage and evaluated the efficacy and safety of our technique.

Methods: From February 2009 to March 2009, 12 boys with concealed penises underwent correction via our novel technique.

Efficacy and safety of propiverine in children with overactive bladder.

Purpose: Antimuscarinic therapy remains one of the most common forms of therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) in children. However, few clinical studies on the outcomes of antimuscarinics in children with OAB have been published. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of propiverine, which is frequently prescribed for the treatment of pediatric OAB.

A novel WT1 gene mutation in a patient with Wilms' tumor and 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis.

Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare genetic disorder featuring the triad of Wilms' tumor, early-onset renal failure, and 46, XY disorder of sex development. DDS is usually caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the zinc-finger region of the WT1 gene. The most frequent constitutional WT1 mutations in DDS patients are missense mutations in exons 8 and 9.

Efficacy of desmopressin and enuresis alarm as first and second line treatment for primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: prospective randomized crossover study.

Purpose: We compared the efficacy of desmopressin and enuresis alarm as first and second line treatment options for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 104 children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were randomly assigned to either desmopressin (54) or enuresis alarm (50) as first line treatment. Following 12 weeks of first line treatment children with a full response were evaluated for relapse 12 weeks after withdrawal of treatment.

The efficacy of enuresis alarm treatment in pharmacotherapy-resistant nocturnal enuresis.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of enuresis alarm (EA) treatment in pharmacotherapy-resistant nocturnal enuresis (PRNE).

Material And Methods: A retrospective study was performed in children who received EA treatment as a form of combination treatment for PRNE from June 1999 to December 2007. The children included 54 monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) children who had partial response or nonresponse to desmopressin (group 1), 25 nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) children who had partial response or nonresponse to extended release oxybutynin plus desmopressin (group 2), and 21 MNE or NMNE children who relapsed after responding fully to first-line pharmacotherapy (group 3).

Characteristics and clinical outcomes of renal cell carcinoma in children: a single center experience.

The present study aimed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 Korean children (7 boys and 4 girls) undergoing radical nephrectomy for RCC between September 1997 and January 2008 at our institution. Mean age at diagnosis was 12.

An epidemiologic study of voiding and bowel habits in Korean children: a nationwide multicenter study.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal voiding and bowel habits in healthy children, and to identify possible relationships between personal and familial factors and voiding and/or bowel habits.

Methods: A randomly selected cross-sectional study was conducted in 19,240 children (5-13 years old) nationwide in the Republic of Korea. Parents were asked to complete questionnaires, which included items about nocturnal enuresis, daytime dysfunctional voiding symptoms (DVSs), and abnormal bowel habits (ABHs).

Prevalence and associated factors of overactive bladder in Korean children 5-13 years old: a nationwide multicenter study.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in Korean children, 5-13 years of age, and to assess the associated factors for OAB.

Methods: A randomly selected cross-section study was conducted in 26 kindergartens and 27 elementary schools nationwide in Korea. A total of 19 240 children were included; a parent was asked to complete the questionnaires, which included items about OAB and voiding and defecating habits.

Clinical inconsistency of lower urinary tract symptoms between questionnaire and bladder diary in children with nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: Classification of pediatric enuresis into monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is crucial for management because these cases differ in many clinical respects. However, correct classification is frequently confused based on questionnaire and/or bladder diary. We tested the consistency of information obtained on lower urinary tract symptoms between our questionnaire and bladder diary.

A dermal equivalent developed from fibroblast culture alone: effect of EGF and insulin.

We have recently developed a new dermal equivalent without exogenous materials by culturing dermal fibroblasts alone in serum-containing medium treated with several supplements. In this study, we investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin on the formation of a dermal equivalent. After cultured dermal fibroblasts reached a confluence in serum-containing medium, they were treated with EGF or insulin.

Nomogram of fetal renal growth expressed in length and parenchymal area derived from ultrasound images.

Purpose: We constructed nomograms of fetal renal length and parenchymal area derived from ultrasound images to develop a standard for normal fetal renal growth.

Materials And Methods: Longitudinal and transverse ultrasound renal images from 216 normal fetuses (16 to 41 weeks of gestation) were evaluated to construct growth charts. We measured the parenchymal area as well as the longitudinal and transverse lengths of each kidney using computer software for image analysis.

Histological evidences suggest recommending orchiopexy within the first year of life for children with unilateral inguinal cryptorchid testis.

Objective: To determine the optimal timing for orchiopexy, we evaluated the histological parameters of the cryptorchid testis.

Methods: We prospectively performed testicular biopsy in a total of 65 consecutive children with palpable unilateral inguinal cryptorchid testes. For controls, we used testicular histological slides from 15 age-matched children with testicular tumor.

Clinical and genetic analysis of HLXB9 gene in Korean patients with Currarino syndrome.

Currarino syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that has been described as a triad of partial sacral agenesis, anorectal anomalies, and a presacral mass. Mutations in the HLXB9 gene have been suggested to be the genetic background of CS. In this study, sequence analysis of the HLXB9 gene was performed in two familial and two sporadic Korean patients showing the clinical features of CS, and two mutations in the HLXB9 gene were identified only in the two familial cases.

A new dermal equivalent: the use of dermal fibroblast culture alone without exogenous materials.

Background: During the past decade, several kinds of skin equivalents have been developed. However, the dermal equivalents have all contained exogenous materials, which can be difficult to obtain and a source of infections.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a new dermal equivalent by culturing dermal fibroblasts alone without exogenous materials and to evaluate its applicability in vitro and in vivo.