Morphometric analysis of the hard palate in sex estimation among koreans using three-dimensional computed tomography.

Accurate sex estimation is crucial for comprehensive analysis of the biological profiles of unidentified human skeletal remains. However, there is a notable lack of research specifically addressing the morphometrics of the hard palate. Therefore, this study aimed to derive discriminant equations using the hard palate and assess their applicability for sexing partial skeletal remains in a contemporary Korean population.

Visualization of the infratemporal fossa: enhancing anatomical learning through three-dimensional modeling.

The infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa are critical pathways for blood vessels and nerves leading to the orbit, nasal cavity, and oral cavity. Anatomical observation of these areas is challenging for learners due to their complex connections with surrounding structures and their deep location within the body. Since it is not easy to understand this area in three dimensions with only textbook images, there is a need to produce three-dimensional (3D) content.

Anatomical classification of middle rectal arteries regarding detailed vasculature patterns.

This study aimed to clarify the anatomy of middle rectal artery and pelvic vasculature patterns, and to provide schematic information in a manner applicable to the total mesorectal excision. Forty sides of pelvis from 20 formalin-embalmed cadavers (10 male, 10 female) were dissected, and all the pelvic vasculatures from the internal iliac artery were investigated, focusing on the middle rectal artery. Middle rectal arteries were classified into major types depending on their vascular origins.

Association of Physical Activity and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background To investigate the dose-response association between physical activity and lower respiratory tract infection () outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Using the Korean National Health Insurance data, we identified individuals aged 18 to 99 years (mean age, 62.6±11.

A New Anatomical Classification for Tibialis Posterior Tendon Insertion and Its Clinical Implications: A Cadaveric Study.

The variations in the tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) could not be defined by previous classification; thus, this study used a larger-scale cadaver with the aim to classify the types of TPT insertion based on the combination of the number and location of TPT insertions. A total of 118 feet from adult formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected (68 males, 50 females). The morphological characteristics and measurements of TPT insertion were evaluated.

3D morphological classification of the nasolacrimal duct: Anatomical study for planning treatment of tear drainage obstruction.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify morphological features of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) through 3D reconstruction to help understand the causes and treatment of NLD obstruction.

Methods: In this study, we included 63 males and 55 females who underwent autopsy without NLD obstruction with ages ranging from 20 to 78 years. The NLD was defined from the lacrimal fossa to the opening of the BNLD to the inferior meatus, and all continuous CT images showing the NLD were selected.

A novel anatomical consideration on the exposed segment of the facial artery.

An understanding of the location and depth of the facial artery (FA) is essential in aesthetic surgery and various cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the exposed segment (ES) of the FA and to provide information to help minimize complications during clinical procedures. From 50 embalmed adult cadavers, the undissected and dissected hemifaces were scanned and reconstructed using the 3D scanner.

Positional relationship of superior and inferior labial artery by ultrasonography image analysis for safe lip augmentation procedures.

The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography to determine the locations and distributions of the superior labial artery (SLA) and the inferior labial artery (ILA) relative to the vermilion border (VB). Sixty healthy Korean volunteers (35 males, 25 females; age, 21-36 years) were investigated using ultrasonography. The participants had not received any noninvasive treatment or surgical procedure in the facial regions during the previous 6 months.

A Detailed Analysis of the Blood Supply to the Subscapularis Muscle.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the arterial supply to the subscapularis (SSC) muscle. This will provide critical information for various surgical procedures. Ten specimens of embalmed Korean cadavers were dissected and subjected to modified Sihler's method to reveal the branching pattern of the arteries surrounding the subscapularis, and its intramuscular blood supply.

New Insight Regarding the Zygomaticus Minor as Related to Cosmetic Facial Injections.

The present study aimed to determine the arrangement and terminal attachments of the zygomaticus minor (Zmi) muscle fibers connecting the orbital and mouth regions. The Zmi was examined in 32 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers. The Zmi was present in all 32 specimens (100%).

Topography of the dorsal nasal artery and its clinical implications for augmentation of the dorsum of the nose.

Background: Injections of filler into the nose for dorsum augmentation have a higher risk of complications due to the complicated blood supply and anastomotic channels in this area.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features and location of the dorsal nasal artery (DNA), and to provide clinical anatomical information to reduce side effects and severe complications in the perinasal area.

Methods: Using the 31 cadaveric noses in Asians, dissections and histologic examinations were performed to identify the location and depth of the vascular structures including DNA.

Bilayered Structure of the Superficial Facial Fascia.

Background: The superficial facial fascia comprises the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and the temporoparietal fascia (TPF) and is regarded as a continuous monolayer. However, some evidence indicates that the superficial facial fascia consists of 2 layers in specific areas.

Objectives: The authors evaluated the superficial facial fascia for bilayered regions.

Clinical Implications of the Extension of Platysmal Fibers on the Middle and Lower Face.

Background: Despite the area of insertion of the facial portion of the platysma being broad and highly variable, the details of its pattern of extension and morphology are not well described in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to clarify the extension patterns of the platysma on the middle and lower face by topographic examination and detailed dissection.

Methods: A detailed dissection was performed in the cheek region of 34 cadaveric specimens.

Anatomical considerations of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles in relation to their function on the internal surface of pharynx.

The aim of this study was to clarify the topography of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles and to relate the findings to pharyngeal muscular function. Forty-four specimens (22 right and 22 left sides) from embalmed Korean adult cadavers (13 males, 9 females; age range, 46-89 years; mean age, 69.2 years) were used in this study.

Surgical consideration of the anatomic origin of the risorius in relation to facial planes.

Background: Confusion exists as to the plane of the risorius with respect to the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), the parotid fascia, and the masseteric fascia, which generally are considered origins of the risorius.

Objectives: The authors attempted to clarify the origin of the risorius by topographic examination and dissection, which would provide valuable anatomic information for flap dissection in facelift surgery.

Methods: Detailed dissection was performed in the perioral region of 46 cadaveric specimens to discern the origin of the risorius in relation to the fascial layer.

Clinical anatomic considerations of the zygomaticus minor muscle based on the morphology and insertion pattern.

Background: The zygomaticus minor muscle (Zmi) is involved in the expression of many different facial emotions. However, the details of its insertion pattern and morphology are not well described.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and insertion pattern of the Zmi, and to provide clinical anatomic information that will help elucidate its roles in animation.

Anatomical study of medial zygomaticotemporal vein and its clinical implication regarding the injectable treatments.

Background: The medial zygomaticotemporal vein (MZTV), clinically known as sentinel vein, has been observed in the vicinity of the temporal branch of the facial nerve during endoscopic procedures aiming to lift the upper face. The aim of the present study was to describe the topography of the MZTV with reference to the superficial landmarks for providing detailed anatomical information during injectable treatment procedures.

Methods: Eighteen hemifaces were harvested from nine embalmed Korean adult cadavers (5 males and 4 females, mean age 76 years).

Clinical implications of the middle temporal vein with regard to temporal fossa augmentation.

Background: The middle temporal vein (MTV) traverses the temporal fossa between the superficial and deep layers of the deep temporal fascia. During filler injection into a deficient temporal fossa, filling agents may be inadvertently injected into the MTV, which results in vascular complications.

Objective: To investigate the course of the MTV to enable safe filler injection in the temple area.

Neuroanastomosis and the innervation territory of the mental nerve.

The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution pattern and innervation territory of the mental nerve (MN) in the skin and mucosa by topographic examination by Sihler's staining, thereby providing reference anatomical information for surgical procedures and to enable prediction of regions of sensory disturbance following nerve damage. Ten human specimens were subjected to Sihler's staining, which is a highly accurate method for visualizing the distribution of nerve fibers without altering their topography. Each branch of the MN overlapped adjacent branches (five cases), or else they were distributed individually at the lower lip (five cases).

Morphology of the zygomaticus minor and its relationship with the orbicularis oculi muscle.

The aim of this study was to examine in detail the anatomic variations in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) and relationship of the zygomaticus minor muscle (ZMi) with the OOc, thereby providing an anatomic basis for explaining facial animation and attachment to the periorbital muscle. Sixty-one hemifaces from embalmed Korean adult cadavers (34 males, 27 females; age range, 45-85 years; mean age, 62.6 years) were used in this study.

Medial muscular band of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Despite the importance of anatomic variations in the muscular bands around the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc), little is known about them. The morphology and variations therein of the medial muscular band of the OOc were thus examined in the current study. Sixty-one hemifaces of Korean cadavers were dissected to enable examination of the anatomic organization of the muscles around the OOc.

Malaris muscle, the lateral muscular band of orbicularis oculi muscle.

Little is currently known about the variations in the muscular band around the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) region, and so the aim of the current study was to describe in anatomic terms the morphologic patterns of the lateral muscular bands of the OOc. Sixty-one hemifaces from embalmed Korean adult cadavers (34 males, 27 females; age range, 45-85 years; mean age, 62.6 years; 28 bilateral and 5 unilateral) were dissected to reveal the anatomic features of the region around the OOc.

New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis.

The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and topography of the dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis. Anatomical variations in the topographic relationships are also described to provide critical data for understanding nasal muscular functions. Anatomical and histological examinations were performed on 40 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers.

New anatomic considerations on the levator labii superioris related with the nasal ala.

The levator labii superioris (LLS) muscle is well known as one of the upper-lip elevators; however, there have been few reports about the anatomic description of the LLS. Especially, the shape of the LLS and its relationship with the nasal ala were not clearly shown in the literature. The aim of this study was to clarify and describe the morphology and topography of the LLS and the anatomic variations to understand the function of the LLS related with the nasal ala.