Comparisons of Radiological and Clinical Characteristics between Traumatic and Non-traumatic Subdural Hematoma Patients.

Objective: Subdural hematoma (SDH) primarily occurs in elderly patients. While most patients have good prognosis, some do not. Hematoma recurrence is one of the factors influencing prognosis.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Lumbosacral Orthoses on Early Spine Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To compare the convenience and effectiveness of the existing lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) (classic LSO and Cybertech) and a newly developed LSO (V-LSO) by analyzing postoperative data.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed from May 2019 to November 2019 and enrolled and analyzed 88 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease scheduled for elective lumbar surgery. Three types of LSO that were provided according to the time of patient registration were applied for 6 weeks.

Papuamine Inhibits Viability of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Background/aim: Despite the Warburg effect, mitochondria play an essential role in the survival and maintenance of cancer cells. Thus, mitochondria have been considered a target for anticancer agents. Here, we identified a mitochondria-targeting anticancer agent from natural products.

Intramuscular Hematoma on the Psoas Muscle.

Intramuscular hematomas on the psoas muscle are rare and usually occur as a result of trauma, iatrogenic etiology during lumbar surgery, rupture of the aortic aneurysm, and hematologic diseases. The incidence of spontaneous psoas muscle hematomas has slowly increased as a result of using anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a more sensitive option compared to computed tomography (CT) when diagnosing a hematoma.

The natural compound gracillin exerts potent antitumor activity by targeting mitochondrial complex II.

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cancer bioenergetics and are considered a potential target for anticancer therapy. Considering the limited efficacy and toxicity of currently available mitochondria-targeting agents, it is necessary to develop effective mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs. By screening a large chemical library consisting of natural products with diverse chemical entities, we identified gracillin, a steroidal saponin, as a mitochondria-targeting antitumor drug.

Erybraedin A is a potential Src inhibitor that blocks the adhesion and viability of non-small-cell lung cancer cells.

The adhesion of cancer cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Thus, it is necessary to inhibit cell-ECM adhesion by blocking the activation of the associated signaling to control cancer. Here, we identify erybraedin A (EBA) as a potential Src inhibitor that blocks cell adhesion and viability in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Angiolipoma on the Lumbar Spine.

Angiolipomas are composed of mature adipose tissue and blood vessels. Spinal angiolipomas are rare benign tumors with a good prognosis, and most symptoms are due to progressive compression of the spinal cord and root. The treatment of choice is total resection without any additional therapy.

Removal of two pathogenic scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus and Miamiensis sp. using cells or culture filtrates of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium andersonii.

Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by parasitic protistan pathogens known as scuticociliates, is one of the most serious diseases in marine aquaculture worldwide. Thus, elimination of these ciliates is a primary concern for scientists and managers in the aquaculture industry. To date, formalin and other toxic chemicals have been used as anti-scuticociliate agents, but issues regarding their secondary effects often arise.

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Galloyl Derivatives and Antidiabetic Activities of .

Chromatographic isolation of the 80% MeOH extract of (AG) yielded seven galloyl derivatives: gallic acid (), ginnalin B (), acertannin (), maplexin D (), maplexin E (), quercetin-3--(2''-galloyl)--L-rhamnopyranoside (), and kaempferol-3--(2''-galloyl)--L-rhamnopyranoside (). This is the first study to report the isolation of compounds and from AG. Galloyl derivatives - exhibited potent radical scavenging activities, with and showing particularly strong inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharides- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.

Iatrogenic Vascular Injury Occurring during Discectomy in a Spondylodiscitis Patient.

All iatrogenic vascular injury occurring during discectomy is a rare complication, but fatal if not immediately diagnosed. When a vascular injury is highly suspected during discectomy, immediate vascular evaluation is needed even vital signs are stable during and immediately after the operation. We describe a case of iatrogenic abdominal aortic injury that occurred during discectomy in a spondylodiscitis patient, which was treated by endovascular repair.

Essential Role of DNA Methyltransferase 1-mediated Transcription of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 in Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) are promising anticancer therapies; however, drug resistance limits their efficacy. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying HDI resistance, focusing on the mechanism of HDI-mediated induction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) based on our previous study. The methylation status of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites in the imprinting control region (ICR) were determined by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing.

Microbiota associated with the starter cultures and brewing process of traditional glutinous rice wine.

glutinous rice wine (produced mainly in Fujian province, China) is a traditional alcoholic beverage, which is prepared by fermenting cooked rice using a starter containing . In this review, the microbial diversity of fermentation starters from Fujian province, including fungi, bacteria, and yeast, is analyzed in comparison with those of "" (a traditional starter for making alcoholic beverages in Korea). The bacterial organization of Hong Qu starters was vastly variable in species composition and dominated by sp.

Gradual Height Decrease of Augmented Vertebrae after Vertebroplasty at the Thoracolumbar Junction.

Objective: Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for vertebral compression fracture, but may progress gradual vertebral height decrease in spite of vertebroplasty. Gradual vertebral height decrease also may induce aggravation of kyphotic change without severe pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for gradual vertebral height decrease in the absence of recurrent severe back pain.

Novel formulation of low-fat spread using rice starch modified by 4-α-glucanotransferase.

Low-fat spreads were developed using a thermoreversible gelling agent, the 4-α-glucanotransferase (4αGT)-modified rice starch. The low-fat spreads consisted of the modified starch paste (or rice starch or maltodextrin), olive oil (0-30% w/w), egg yolk, salt, xanthan gum, and butter flavor, and were produced by homogenization, ultrasonic processing at 50% amplitude for 2min, and cold-gel setting at 4°C for 24h. Formulations with 15% and 20% of the modified starch paste resulted in highly stable oil-in-water low-fat spreads having varied textural properties and acceptable spreadability, whereas formulations with rice starch and maltodextrin did not yield enough stability and consistency.

Antiproliferative Effects of New Dimeric Ellagitannin from Cornus alba in Prostate Cancer Cells Including Apoptosis-Related S-Phase Arrest.

Activity-guided isolation of 80% acetone extract of Cornus alba, which is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic in Korea, yielded one novel compound, tentatively designated cornusiin H (13), together with 12 known compounds. The known compounds included four flavonoids (catechin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)) and eight hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid (5), 2,6-di-O-galloyl-hamamelofuranoside (6), 2-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (7) 2,3-di-O-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (8), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), cornusiin B (10), cornusiin A (11) and camptothin B (12)). All compounds exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity.

Deguelin Analogue SH-1242 Inhibits Hsp90 Activity and Exerts Potent Anticancer Efficacy with Limited Neurotoxicity.

The Hsp90 facilitates proper folding of signaling proteins associated with cancer progression, gaining attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. The natural rotenoid deguelin was identified as an Hsp90 inhibitor, but concerns about neurotoxicity have limited prospects for clinical development. In this study, we report progress on deguelin analogues that address this limitation, focusing on the novel analogue SH-1242 as a candidate to broadly target human lung cancer cells, including those that are chemoresistant or harboring KRAS mutations.

Alteration of hepatic anti-oxidant systems by 4-nonylphenol, a metabolite of alkylphenol polyethoxylate detergents, in Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitously present surfactant in aquatic environments, on the anti-oxidant systems of the liver in the Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus.

Methods: Changes in biochemical parameters involved in glutathione (GSH)-related and other anti-oxidant systems were analyzed following 4 weeks of 4-NP administration (0.1 and 1.

A continuous coupled spectrophotometric assay for debranching enzyme activity using reducing end-specific α-glucosidase.

A novel continuous spectrophotometric assay to measure the activity of the debranching enzyme and α-amylase has been developed. The assay mixture comprises the debranching enzyme (GlgX from Escherichia coli) or α-amylase (PPA from porcine pancreas), a reducing end-specific α-glucosidase (MalZ), maltodextrin-branched β-cyclodextrin (Glcn-β-CD) as the substrate, and the glucose oxidase/peroxidase system (GOPOD). Due to its high reducing end specificity, the branch chains of the substrates are not hydrolyzed by MalZ.

Two new phenolic compounds from the leaves of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz.

Two new phenolic compounds, 4-O-glucopyranosyl-5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (1) and 2,3-digalloyl oregonin (2), were isolated along with eight known phenolic compounds (3-10) from an 80% acetone extract of Alnus sibirica leaves. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution-MS. The anti-oxidative activities of these compounds were determined by assaying their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and nitroblue tetrazolium superoxide anion scavenging activity.

Spinal teratoma concomitant with intracranial lipid droplet dissemination.

A teratoma is a neoplasm that contains tissues originating from three germ cell layers at ectopic sites. The embryology of teratomas remains unclear. Teratomas are usually composed of cystic and solid components, and they are usually associated with syringomyelia.

Activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling mediates resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are considered promising targets in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and several types of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in solid tumors is marginal, and the mechanisms underlying resistance to HDAC inhibitors are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in resistance to HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC.

Significance of an endoscopically injected nodule detected on ultrasound as a predictive factor for the resolution of vesicoureteral reflux.

Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is feasible in pediatric patients. As endoscopic injection has a lower success rate than ureteral reimplantation, a postoperative voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is usually performed. The present study evaluated whether the presence of a nodule on noninvasive ultrasound could predict the resolution of VUR and replace invasive VCUG.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.

Rapid and efficient synthesis of a phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole library enabled cost-effective biological testing of a range of novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with potential for improved drug efficacy and toxicity profiles. Anti-inflammatory activities of the phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole analogs synthesized in this report were assessed using the xylene-induced ear edema model in mice. At least four analogs, 2a, 2b, 2c, and 4a, showed more potent effects than the reference anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac at the same dose of 25 mg/kg.

Spinal paraganglioma adherent to the cauda equina.

Paragangliomas are rare among intradural spinal tumors. Most of them are benign, but aggressive behavior and local recurrence can occur. Cases of paraganglioma are, difficult to diagnose radiologically; hence, diagnosis is confirmed histopathologically.

Effect of topical application of quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

Background: Quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a new quercetin derivative which is isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim, a native plant of Korea. Quercetin has several biological effects including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. However, the topical effect of QGR on atopic dermatitis (AD) like skin lesion in NC/Nga mice has not been studied.