Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( )-mediated myocardial salvage in acute myocardial infarction managed with left ventricular unloading and coronary reperfusion.

Ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Improvements have been made in coronary interventions to restore blood flow, but ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury significantly impacts clinical outcomes. We previously reported that activation of percutaneous mechanical unloading of the left ventricle (LV) with a transvalvular axial-flow device simultaneously with reperfusion improves myocardial salvage.

Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms After [Lu]Lu-PSMA Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Series.

[Lu]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) therapy has a favorable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) has been described after [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE but has not, to our knowledge, yet been reported after [Lu]Lu-PSMA. This case series describes 5 patients with mCRPC who developed t-MN after [Lu]Lu-PSMA at our institution.

Validation of the NICHD Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Outcome Estimator 2022 in a Quaternary Canadian NICU-A Single-Center Observational Study.

: The numerical risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and/or death could be estimated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) BPD outcome estimator 2022 in extremely low gestational age (ELGA) infants during the first 4 weeks of life to facilitate prognostication, and center-specific targeted improvement interventions. However, the 2022 NICHD BPD outcome estimator's performance in the Canadian setting has not been validated. Our objective is to validate the NICHD BPD outcome estimator 2022 in predicting death and or moderate to severe BPD at 36 weeks in infants less than 29 weeks admitted to NICU.

Image quality assessment and automation in late gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the left atrium in atrial fibrillation patients.

Background: Late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) MRI has become a widely used technique to non-invasively image the left atrium prior to catheter ablation. However, LGE-MRI images are prone to variable image quality, with quality metrics that do not necessarily correlate to the image's diagnostic quality. In this study, we aimed to define consistent clinically relevant metrics for image and diagnostic quality in 3D LGE-MRI images of the left atrium, have multiple observers assess LGE-MRI image quality to identify key features that measure quality and intra/inter-observer variabilities, and train and test a CNN to assess image quality automatically.

Cardiac bridging integrator 1 gene therapy rescues chronic non-ischemic heart failure in minipigs.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet with limited therapeutic options. Cardiac bridging integrator 1 (cBIN1), a cardiomyocyte transverse-tubule (t-tubule) scaffolding protein which organizes the calcium handling machinery, is transcriptionally reduced in HF and can be recovered for functional rescue in mice. Here we report that in human patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), left ventricular cBIN1 levels linearly correlate with organ-level ventricular remodeling such as diastolic diameter.

Plasma Cell-Free DNA Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Profiling Depicts Phenotypic and Clinical Heterogeneity in Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Cell phenotype underlies prostate cancer presentation and treatment resistance and can be regulated by epigenomic features. However, the osteotropic tendency of prostate cancer limits access to metastatic tissue, meaning most prior insights into prostate cancer chromatin biology are from preclinical models that do not fully represent disease complexity. Noninvasive chromatin immunoprecipitation of histones in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in humans may enable the capture of disparate prostate cancer phenotypes.

Functional and Structural Remodeling as Atrial Fibrillation Progresses in a Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Canine Model.

Background: Contractile, electrical, and structural remodeling has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the progression of functional and structural changes as AF sustains has not been previously evaluated serially.

Objectives: Using a rapid-paced persistent AF canine model, the authors aimed to evaluate the structural and functional changes serially as AF progresses.

Methods: Serial electrophysiological studies in a chronic rapid-paced canine model (n = 19) prior to AF sustaining and repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months of sustained AF were conducted to measure changes in atrial conduction speed and direction.

Effective ablation settings that predict chronic scar after atrial ablation with HELIOSTAR™ multi-electrode radiofrequency balloon catheter.

Background: Radiofrequency balloon (RFB) ablation (HELIOSTAR™, Biosense Webster) has been developed to improve pulmonary vein ablation efficiency over traditional point-by-point RF ablation approaches. We aimed to find effective parameters for RFB ablation that result in chronic scar verified by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR).

Methods: A chronic canine model (n = 8) was used to ablate in the superior vena cava (SVC), the right superior and the left inferior pulmonary vein (RSPV and LIPV), and the left atrial appendage (LAA) with a circumferential ablation approach (RF energy was delivered to all electrodes simultaneously) for 20 s or 60 s.

Diffuse functional and structural abnormalities in fibrosis: Potential structural basis for sustaining atrial fibrillation.

Background: Structural remodeling has been associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, but how fibrotic regions allow atrial fibrillation to be sustained remains unclear.

Objective: With a novel transgenic goat model, we evaluated structural and functional differences between structurally remodeled and healthy regions of the atria.

Methods: A novel transgenic goat model with cardiac-specific overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 was used.

Left atrial functional changes associated with repeated catheter ablations for atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: The impact of repeated atrial fibrillation (AF) ablations on left atrial (LA) mechanical function remains uncertain, with limited long-term follow-up data.

Methods: This retrospective study involved 108 AF patients who underwent two catheter ablations with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done before and 3 months after each of the ablations from 2010 to 2021. The rate of change in peak longitudinal atrial strain (PLAS) assessed LA function.

Are drivers recurring or ephemeral? observations from serial mapping of persistent atrial fibrillation.

Aims: Rotational re-entries and ectopic foci, or 'drivers', are proposed mechanisms for persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF), but driver-based interventions have had mixed success in clinical trials. Selective targeting of drivers with multi-month stability may improve these interventions, but no prior work has investigated whether drivers can be stable on such a long timescale.

Objective: We hypothesized that drivers could recur even several months after initial observation.

The San Francisco Health Systems Collaborative: Public Health and Health Care Delivery Systems' Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic challenged health care delivery systems worldwide. Many acute care hospitals in communities that experienced surges in cases and hospitalizations had to make decisions such as rationing scarce resources. Hospitals serving low-income communities, communities of color, and those in other historically marginalized or vulnerable groups reported the greatest operational impacts of surges.

Uncertainty Quantification of the Effect of Variable Conductivity in Ventricular Fibrotic Regions on Ventricular Tachycardia.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia for which a common treatment pathway is electroanatomical mapping and ablation. Recent advances in both noninvasive ablation techniques and computational modeling have motivated the development of patient-specific computational models of VT. Such models are parameterized by a wide range of inputs, each of which is associated with an often unknown amount of error and uncertainty.

Exploring post-registration nursing students' perceptions and learning experiences of peer-led simulation: A qualitative study.

Background: In nursing education, often dominated by instructor-led simulations (ILS), there is a growing demand to explore alternative approaches, such as peer-led simulation (PLS), in the training of post-registration nursing students. PLS shifts learners into leadership roles, fostering scenario design and facilitation among peers. Despite existing literature on ILS versus PLS, there remains a gap in the effectiveness of combined PLS and ILS for post-registration nursing students.

Glycaemic control and microvascular complications among paediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hong Kong at 2 years after diagnosis.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly common among children and adolescents worldwide, including those in Hong Kong. This study analysed the characteristics and prevalence of microvascular complications among paediatric T2DM patients in Hong Kong at diagnosis and 2 years after diagnosis.

Methods: All patients aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with DM at public hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited into the Hong Kong Childhood Diabetes Registry.

The sugar cube: Network control and emergence in stereoediting reactions.

Stereochemical editing strategies have recently enabled the transformation of readily accessible substrates into rare and valuable products. Typically, site selectivity is achieved by minimizing kinetic complexity by using protecting groups to suppress reactivity at undesired sites (substrate control) or by using catalysts with tailored shapes to drive reactivity at the desired site (catalyst control). We propose "network control," a contrasting paradigm that exploits hidden interactions between rate constants to greatly amplify modest intrinsic biases and enable precise multisite editing.

Sex-dependent remodeling of right ventricular function in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Right ventricular (RV) function is an important prognostic indicator for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a vasculopathy that primarily and disproportionally affects women with distinct pre- and postmenopausal clinical outcomes. However, most animal studies have overlooked the impact of sex and ovarian hormones on RV remodeling in PAH. Here, we combined invasive measurements of RV hemodynamics and morphology with computational models of RV biomechanics in sugen-hypoxia (SuHx)-treated male, ovary-intact female, and ovariectomized female rats.

Dynamic sampling in autonomous process optimization.

Autonomous process optimization (APO) is a technology that has recently found utility in a multitude of process optimization challenges. In contrast to most APO examples in microflow reactor systems, we recently presented a system capable of optimization in high-throughput batch reactor systems. The drawback of APO in a high-throughput batch reactor system is the reliance on reaction sampling at a predetermined static timepoint rather than a dynamic endpoint.

Ablation-induced left atrial mechanical dysfunction recovers in weeks after ablation.

Background: The immediate impact of catheter ablation on left atrial mechanical function and the timeline for its recovery in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) remain uncertain. The mechanical function response to catheter ablation in patients with different AF types is poorly understood.

Methods: A total of 113 AF patients were included in this retrospective study.

A computational study of right ventricular mechanics in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a significant challenge to right ventricular (RV) function due to progressive pressure overload, necessitating adaptive remodeling in the form of increased wall thickness, enhanced myocardial contractility and stiffness to maintain cardiac performance. However, the impact of these remodeling mechanisms on RV mechanics in not clearly understood. In addition, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of how each mechanism individually influences RV mechanics.