Barriers to Black Medical Students and Residents Pursuing and Completing Surgical Residency in Canada: A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: The limited available data suggest that the Canadian surgical workforce does not reflect the racial diversity of the patient population it serves, despite the well-established benefits of patient-provider race concordance. There have been no studies to date that characterize the systemic and individual challenges faced by Black medical students in matching to and successfully finishing training in a surgical specialty within a Canadian context that can explain this underrepresentation.

Study Design: Using critical qualitative inquiry and purposive sampling to ensure sex, geographical, and student or trainee year heterogeneity, we recruited self-identifying Black medical students and surgical residents across Canada.

Developing 9,10-anthracene Derivatives: Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Electrical Characterization.

Anthracene-based semiconductors are a class of molecules that have attracted interest due to their air stability, planarity, potential for strong intermolecular interactions, and favorable frontier molecular orbital energy levels. In this study seven novel 9,10-anthracene-based molecules were synthesized and their optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties were characterized, along with their single crystal arrangement. We found that functionalization of the 9,10-positions with different phenyl derivatives resulted in negligible variation in the optical properties with minor (±0.