Fracture risk revisited: Bone mineral density T-score and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To study the association between femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) T-score and fracture risk in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study using the Danish National Health Service. BMD of the FN was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Declining Incidence of Major Lower-Extremity Amputations in the Northern Danish Region Between 2016 and 2021: The Impact of Diabetes and Preventive Vascular Procedures.

Background: Preventing lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) is pivotal. In the present study, we aimed to examine the recent trends in nontraumatic LEAs seen in the Northern Danish Region.

Methods: Using data from the regional Business Intelligence unit, we identified all nontraumatic LEAs (n = 689) performed in people above 50 years of age in the Northern Danish Region between January 2016 and December 2021 (approximately 600,000 inhabitants).

Validation of fNIRS measurement of executive demand during walking with and without dual-task in younger and older adults and people with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Walking with a concurrent cognitive task (dual-task walking) can pose a challenge to some populations due to aging or neurodegenerative disease. These tasks require cognitive resources involving the prefrontal cortex and can be studied using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). An important step in understanding fNIRS measures during such walking tasks is validating that measures reflect the demands of the tasks and not confounding sources or movement artifacts.

Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in South Asian and Nordic Women after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

South Asians (SAs) have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) than white Europeans, especially following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite similar blood glucose levels post-GDM, SAs exhibit more insulin resistance (IR) than Nordics, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to assess markers of adipose tissue (AT) IR and liver fat in SA and Nordic women post-GDM.

Decisional needs in people with kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals about end-of-life care options: A qualitative interview study.

Aim: To investigate the decisional needs in Denmark of people with kidney failure, relatives, and health professionals when planning end-of-life care.

Design: A qualitative interview study.

Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out with people with kidney failure, relatives and health professionals from November 2021 to June 2022.

Fracture patterns and associated risk factors in pediatric and early adulthood type 1 diabetes: Findings from a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: People with pediatric and early adulthood type 1 diabetes (T1D) might have a higher fracture risk at several sites compared to the general population. Therefore, we assessed the hazard ratios (HR) of various fracture sites and determined the risk factors associated with fractures among people with newly diagnosed childhood and adolescence T1D.

Methods: All people from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (1987-2017), below 20 years of age with a T1D diagnosis code (n = 3100) and a new insulin prescription, were included and matched 1:1 by sex, age, and practice to a control without diabetes.

Validation of algorithms for calculating spatiotemporal gait parameters during continuous turning using lumbar and foot mounted inertial measurement units.

Spatiotemporal gait parameters such as step time and walking speed can be used to quantify gait performance and determine physical function. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) allow for the measurement of spatiotemporal gait parameters in unconstrained environments but must be validated against a gold standard. While many IMU systems and algorithms have been validated during treadmill walking and overground walking in a straight line, fewer studies have validated algorithms during more complex walking conditions such as continuous turning in different directions.

Sex- and Age Group-Specific Fracture Incidence Rates Trends for Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The incidence of major osteoporotic fractures has declined in men and women in Western countries over the last two decades. Although fracture risk is higher in persons with diabetes mellitus, trends of fractures remain unknown in men and women with diabetes. We investigated the trends in fracture incidence rates (IRs) in men and women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Denmark between 1997 and 2017.

Fracture patterns in adult onset type 1 diabetes and associated risk factors - A nationwide cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the hazard ratios (HR) for various fracture sites and identify associated risk factors in a cohort of relatively healthy adult people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study utilized data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (1987-2017). Participants included people aged 20 and above with a T1D diagnosis code (n = 3281) and a new prescription for insulin.

Exome sequencing identifies breast cancer susceptibility genes and defines the contribution of coding variants to breast cancer risk.

Linkage and candidate gene studies have identified several breast cancer susceptibility genes, but the overall contribution of coding variation to breast cancer is unclear. To evaluate the role of rare coding variants more comprehensively, we performed a meta-analysis across three large whole-exome sequencing datasets, containing 26,368 female cases and 217,673 female controls. Burden tests were performed for protein-truncating and rare missense variants in 15,616 and 18,601 genes, respectively.

Extended genetic analysis and tumor characteristics in over 4600 women with suspected hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

Background: Genetic screening for pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes can affect treatment strategies, risk prediction and preventive measures for patients and families. For decades, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has been attributed to PVs in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, and more recently other rare alleles have been firmly established as associated with a high or moderate increased risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Here, we assess the genetic variation and tumor characteristics in a large cohort of women with suspected HBOC in a clinical oncogenetic setting.

Validation of the BOADICEA model for predicting the likelihood of carrying pathogenic variants in eight breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes.

BOADICEA is a comprehensive risk prediction model for breast and/or ovarian cancer (BC/OC) and for carrying pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer susceptibility genes. In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2, BOADICEA version 6 includes PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, BARD1, RAD51C and RAD51D. To validate its predictions for these genes, we conducted a retrospective study including 2033 individuals counselled at clinical genetics departments in Denmark.

Bone parameters in T1D and T2D assessed by DXA and HR-pQCT - A cross-sectional study: The DIAFALL study.

Introduction/aim: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of fractures due to skeletal fragility. We aimed to compare areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical and trabecular measures, and bone strength parameters in participants with diabetes vs. controls.

Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task walking and navigated walking: A feasibility study.

Introduction: While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into motor-cognitive deficits during ecologically valid gait conditions, the feasibility of using fNIRS during complex walking remains unknown. We tested the process and scientific feasibility of using an fNIRS device to measure cortical activity during complex walking tasks consisting of straight walking and navigated walking under single and dual-task (DT) conditions.

Methods: Nineteen healthy people from 18 to 64 years (mean age: 45.

Site-Specific Fracture Incidence Rates Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, or Without Diabetes in Denmark (1997-2017).

Objective: To investigate trends in incidence rates (IRs) at various fracture sites for patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes compared with patients without diabetes in Denmark in 1997-2017.

Research Design And Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with a vertebral, hip, humerus, forearm, foot, or ankle fracture between 1997 and 2017 were identified from Danish hospital discharge data. IRs per 10,000 person-years were calculated over the study period.

Impaired postural control in diabetes-a predictor of falls?

Unlabelled: New evidence points toward that impaired postural control judged by center of pressure measures during quiet stance is a predictor of falls in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes-even in occurrence of well-known risk factors for falls.

Introduction/aim: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk of falling, but the association with impaired postural control is unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate postural control by measuring the center of pressure (CoP) during quiet standing and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of falls and the fear of falling among people with diabetes compared to controls.

Intra-Patient Evolution of HIV-2 Molecular Properties.

Limited data are available on the pathogenesis of HIV-2, and the evolution of Env molecular properties during disease progression is not fully elucidated. We investigated the intra-patient evolution of molecular properties of HIV-2 Env regions (V1-C3) during the asymptomatic, treatment-naïve phase of the infection in 16 study participants, stratified into faster or slower progressors. Most notably, the rate of change in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) within the Env (V1-C3) regions differed between progressor groups.

Fracture Patterns in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature.

Purpose Of Review: In this narrative review, we have summarized the literature on fracture risk in T1DM and T2DM with a special focus on fracture site, time patterns, glucose-lowering drugs, and micro- and macrovascular complications.

Recent Findings: T1DM and T2DM were associated with an overall increased fracture risk, with preferent locations at the hip, vertebrae, humerus, and ankle in T1DM and at the hip, vertebrae, and likely humerus, distal forearm, and foot in T2DM. Fracture risk was higher with longer diabetes duration and the presence of micro- and macrovascular complications.

Precision Oncology of High-Grade Ovarian Cancer Defined through Targeted Sequencing.

Background: We examined whether molecular characterization of high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer can inform the diagnosis and/or identify potential actionable targets.

Methods: All of the consecutively sequenced high-grade ovarian tumours with consent between 2014 until 2019 were included. A total of 274 tumours underwent next generation sequencing using a targeted panel.