Mitochondrial energetics and contents evaluated by flow cytometry in human maternal and umbilical cord blood.

Mitochondrial dysfunction may relate to metabolic disorders. The relation between maternal and fetal mitochondrial function needs attention due to heritage. To evaluate the use of the staining methods TetraMethylRhodamine Methyl Ester (TMRM) and Mitotracker Green (MTG) for flow cytometric measurements of umbilical cord blood mitochondrial function.

Corrigendum to "Impaired Fertility Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Danish General Suburban Population Study".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/132718.].

Danish Rural Eye Study: Epidemiology of Adult Visual Impairment.

Purpose: To examine the frequency and causes of visual impairment (VI) in a select population of Danish adults.

Methods: A total of 3843 adults aged 20-94 years from the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) were included in the population-based, cross-sectional ophthalmological study, Danish Rural Eye Study (DRES). All DRES participants received a comprehensive general health examination preceding their eye examination, including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for each eye, bilateral 45° retinal fundus photographs and further ophthalmological examination where indicated.

Impaired Fertility Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Danish General Suburban Population Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the significance of TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism in women from The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) on the number of children born, the number of pregnancies, and the number of spontaneous abortions.

Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study of 11254 women participating in GESUS. Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administrated questionnaire.

Is suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) associated with subclinical depression in the Danish General Suburban Population Study?

Background: The first phase of the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) including 8214 individuals was an attempt to evaluate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism without or with elevated peroxidase antibodies and depression. No such association was found. In the second phase, including 14,787 individuals, we have focused on suppressed TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and depression.

Well-being and depression in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity - a general population study.

Background: The association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), with and without raised thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and well-being or depression is still controversial, in spite of many studies on the topic.

Aims: In this large general population study of 8214 individuals, we aim to clarify the significance of elevated levels of anti-TPO as a marker of poor well-being and depression in euthyroid individuals and individuals with SCH.

Methods: In participants from the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS), serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (tT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and anti-TPO was measured.

Weight Gain and Serum TSH Increase within the Reference Range after Hemithyroidectomy Indicate Lowered Thyroid Function.

Background. Weight gain is frequently reported after hemithyroidectomy but the significance is recently discussed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine changes in body weight of hemithyroidectomized patients and to evaluate if TSH increase within the reference range could be related to weight gain.

Persistent cellular metabolic changes after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter.

Background: The significance of perturbations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones within the laboratory reference ranges after hemithyroidectomy is unknown. Our aim was to examine changes in TSH and thyroid hormones after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter, focusing on tissue response by examining the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and basal oxygen consumption (V˙O2).

Materials And Methods: In a prospective study on 28 patients and controls, we examined serum TSH and thyroid hormones before hemithyroidectomy and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter.

Prevalence of depression, quality of life and antidepressant treatment in the Danish General Suburban Population Study.

Background: The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS), the objective of which is to facilitate epidemiological and genetic research, has included the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among the medical health questionnaires. We were thus in a position to compare the 2-week prevalence of ICD-10 depression in the period from 2010 to 2012 with our previous Danish general population study from 2003, in which the MDI was also included.

Aims: The aim of our analysis was not only to evaluate the point prevalence of ICD-10 depression but also to describe the prevalence of antidepressants received by the respondents in the GESUS study and the correspondence to their subjective well-being on the WHO-5 questionnaire.

Pregnancy-induced alterations in mitochondrial function in euthyroid pregnant women and pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism; relation to adverse outcome.

Background: It is well documented that overt hypothyroidism is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but studies of subclinical hypothyroidism have demonstrated conflicting results.

Objective: Thyroid hormones are known to regulate mitochondrial function, and the aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism and mitochondrial dysfunction to adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.

Methods: Women in their third trimester of pregnancy ( = 113) who did not receive thyroid medication were included in this cross-sectional study.

Study design, participation and characteristics of the Danish General Suburban Population Study.

Introduction: The aim of this article was to describe the study design, participants and baseline characteristics of The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) and to compare suburban participants with age- and gender-matched urban participants from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS).

Material And Methods: Data from questionnaire, health examination, biochemical measurements and public registers were collected.

Results: In GESUS the overall participation rate was 49.

Peripheral markers of thyroid function: the effect of T4 monotherapy vs T4/T3 combination therapy in hypothyroid subjects in a randomized crossover study.

Background: A recent randomized controlled trial suggests that hypothyroid subjects may find levothyroxine (l-T4) and levotriiodothyronine combination therapy to be superior to l-T4 monotherapy in terms of quality of life, suggesting that the brain registered increased T3 availability during the combination therapy.

Hypothesis: Peripheral tissue might also be stimulated during T4/T3 combination therapy compared with T4 monotherapy.

Methods: Serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), pro-collagen-1-N-terminal peptide (PINP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (representing hepatocyte, osteoblast, and cardiomyocyte stimulation respectively) were measured in 26 hypothyroid subjects in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, which compared the replacement therapy with T4/T3 in combination (50 μg T4 was substituted with 20 μg T3) to T4 alone (once daily regimens).

Basal and T₃-induced ROS production in lymphocyte mitochondria is increased in type 2 diabetic patients.

Mitochondrial function, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Thyroid hormones are major regulator of these processes. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the thyroid hormone regulation of ROS production in human lymphocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).

Subclinical hypothyroidism affects mitochondrial function.

The aim of the present study was to examine mitochondrial function in cells from persons with subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid controls. The participating persons were examined clinically and had basal oxygen consumption (VO(2)) determined. The concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyrotropine stimulating hormone were determined, and mitochondrial function in isolated mononuclear blood cells was examined by enzymatic methods [citrate synthase activity (CS)] and by flow cytometry (mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM fluorescence and mitochondrial mass by MTG fluorescence).

Measure of expression of mitochondrial related genes in human mononuclear blood cells, adipose white tissue and smooth muscle cells.

Background: The role of mitochondrial dysfunction is currently studied intensively, but the cumbersome procedure of obtaining tissue from humans has restricted the number of subjects studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the expression of mitochondrial related genes in blood cells from humans and to compare the results with measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential known to be regulated by thyroid hormones.

Methods: In a group of 17 healthy women subscribed for hysterectomy on a benign basis, muscle tissue, fat tissue samples and blood specimens were obtained.

Evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in obese adolescents.

Aim: Although obesity and weight gain generally are anticipated to be caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, the significance of thyroid hormones (TH) remains unclear. Examination of mitochondrial function may reflect intracellular thyroid hormone effect and elucidate whether a lower metabolic rate is present.

Methods: In a group of 34 obese adolescents (age <16 years and body mass index above the age-related 95th percentile), and an age- and gender-matched group of 32 lean adolescent, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and basal oxygen consumption were measured and mitochondrial function in peripheral blood monocytes was determined by flow cytometry.

Thyroid hormone effect on human mitochondria measured by flow cytometry.

Background: Mitochondrial function may be impaired in a number of diseases including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and endocrine disorders. Therefore it is important to be able to measure mitochondrial function in human cells.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a method to measure mitochondrial function in human derived cells, which also would reflect regulation by thyroid hormones.

Effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus T4 monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism, a double-blind, randomised cross-over study.

Background: Treatment of hypothyroidism with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) is controversial. A recent meta-analysis concludes that no evidence is present in favour of using T(3). However, the analysis included a mixture of different patient groups and dose-regimens.

Transient hyperthyroxinemia in newborns from women with autoimmune thyroid disease and raised levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies.

Objective: Although it is well established that maternal thyroid disease and increased levels of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRab) during pregnancy are associated with a number of complications, is the significance of increased levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) alone a matter for discussion? The aim of the present study was to examine whether transplacental passage of TPOab from women with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) interferes with thyroid function in the neonate.

Methods: Pregnant women with AITD (raised levels of TPOab) and their neonates were monitored with regard to variations of thyroid hormones, thyrotropin (TSH), and TPOab. Pregnant women with non-AITD served as controls.

Magnetic resonance imaging determination of extraocular eye muscle volume in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and proptosis.

Purpose: Recent studies concerning the association between extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and immunological and clinical activity have not been conclusive, probably due to a lack of uniform imaging methods (ultrasonography, computer tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and difficulties in the determination of EOM volume. The aim of the present study was to examine the significance of EOM enlargement as established by MRI-based volume determination, with reference to proptosis and the presence of autoantibodies, clinical activity and the duration of active disease.

Methods: We determined EOM volume using MRI in 15 patients concomitantly with the determination of TSH, thyroid hormones, thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRab) thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and clinical activity score (CAS) at entry.

Subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with nodular goiter represents a hypermetabolic state.

The aim of the study was to examine the metabolic status in patients with suppressed TSH but values of FT4I and T3 within the reference range (subclinical hyperthyroidism [sH]). Thirteen patients and 13 control persons with nodular goiter were included. The metabolic state was determined by measurements of basal oxygen consumption (VO2), bone mineral density (BMD), and the circadian variation of TSH.

Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a low-grade inflammation, increased triglyceride levels and predicts cardiovascular disease in males below 50 years.

Objective: Mild thyroid failure is associated with an increased risk for development of atherosclerosis, but whether subclinical hypothyroidism is related to risk for cardiovascular disease is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to examine a possible association between subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.

Design: Cross-sectional study of a general population.

The significance of clinical euthyroidism on reference range for thyroid hormones.

BACKGROUND: The reference range for thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is usually established either by using the manufacturer's recommendations or by analyzing blood tests from a serum bank or from the local laboratory staff, assuming that they are healthy and euthyroid. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of clinical euthyroidism and a normal basal oxygen consumption on the reference range for thyroid hormones and TSH. METHODS: A clinical examination, including information on medication, was performed on 31 apparently healthy persons.

Incidence of gestational hypertension in gestational diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this study has been to establish the incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to examine the frequency of complications in women with co-existent GDM and GH. Furthermore, we wished to evaluate the significance of urine albumin excretion determined by the urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). A total of 215 successive pregnancies with risk factors for gestational diabetes, as defined by the Danish National Board of Health screened for gestational diabetes by the WHO criteria, were reviewed.