Cosmetic surgery among women - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Studies from 2003 and 2008 indicated that 7-8 % of adult women in Norway had undergone cosmetic surgery. As there is little research available on the current situation, the main purpose of this study was to map the use of, desire for and social acceptance of cosmetic surgery. We also wanted to identify differences in demographic and psychosocial factors between women who have undergone cosmetic surgery, those who desire such surgery and those who do not.

Menstrual attitudes in adult women: A cross-sectional study on the association with menstruation factors, contraceptive use, genital self-image, and sexual openness.

Background: Menstruation is a central part of the everyday life of most women, and menstrual attitudes may impact health and well-being.

Objectives: This article aimed to map menstrual attitudes among adult women and examine factors associated with these attitudes, such as aspects of menarche and current menstruation, and rarely studied factors, such as genital self-image and sexual openness.

Study Design: A cross-sectional online survey.

Further evidence of the association between social media use, eating disorder pathology and appearance ideals and pressure: a cross-sectional study in Norwegian adolescents.

Background: Few studies have investigated how the plethora of contemporary social media (SM) platforms relate to, and influence eating disorder (ED) pathology, appearance ideals and pressure to conform to these ideals in youth.

Methods: In this study, 1558 girls (53%) and boys (47%), predominantly within the 16-19 age range, completed an online questionnaire assessing SM use and perceived influence on appearance, ED pathology, internalization of appearance ideals and perceived appearance pressure.

Results: Results showed that ED pathology was common, particularly in girls, and that internalization of body ideals was gender specific, a thin ideal being more prevalent in girls, and a muscular ideal being more common in boys.

Trajectories of severe eating disorders through pregnancy and early motherhood.

Background: During pregnancy and early motherhood, risks of relapse and worsening are high for women with a history of eating disorders (EDs), as are adverse sequelae for their babies. However, systematic descriptions of the processes that these women undergo through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood are lacking, as are good descriptions of the various trajectories these women follow through pregnancy and early motherhood. This study addresses both these knowledge gaps.

Associations of adherence to physical activity and dietary recommendations with weight recurrence 1-5 years after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Little is known about longer-term adherence to recommended physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviors after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and whether adherence is associated with weight recurrence.

Objectives: To explore (1) changes in and associations between adherence to PA and general dietary recommendations after MBS and (2) whether PA and dietary behaviors interact to predict weight recurrence.

Setting: University hospital; public practice.

Pain sensitivity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - associations with chronic abdominal pain and psychosocial aspects.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate modifications in pain sensitivity after RYGB and to explore associations between pain sensitivity and weight loss, chronic abdominal pain, total body pain, anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing.

Methods: In total, 163 patients with obesity were examined with a cold pressor test for pain sensitivity before and two years after RYGB. Two aspects of pain sensitivity were registered: Pain intensity (numeric rating scale, range 0-10) and pain tolerance (seconds).

IVF-induced pregnancy and early motherhood among women with a history of severe eating disorders.

Background: There is a higher prevalence of eating disorders among women seeking fertilization (IVF). Women with a history of eating disorders may be particularly vulnerable to eating disorder relapse during IVF, pregnancy, and early motherhood. The experience of these women during this process has hardly been studied scientifically, despite its high clinical relevance.

Associations of changes in physical activity and sedentary time with weight recurrence after bariatric surgery: a 5-year prospective study.

Background: Increasing physical activity and limiting sedentary time may minimize weight recurrence after bariatric surgery. However, few studies have evaluated potential associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with post-surgical weight recurrence over time.

Aims: To evaluate associations of change in physical activity and sedentary time with weight recurrence after bariatric surgery.

Body image concerns in long-term head and neck cancer survivors: prevalence and role of clinical factors and patient-reported late effects.

Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at risk of long-term body image distress (BID). We aimed to investigate the severity of BID in long-term HNC survivors and to explore the associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors, patient-reported late effects, and cancer-related body image (BI) concerns.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included quality of life and BI assessment in an 8-year (SD = 1.

Bodies out of control: Relapse and worsening of eating disorders in pregnancy.

Background: Being pregnant is a vulnerable period for women with a history of eating disorders. A central issue in eating disorders is searching control of one's body and food preferences. Pregnancy implies being increasingly out of control of this.

Gender Differences in Sending Nude Pictures and Videos Across Multiple Relationship Contexts in the Adult Norwegian Population.

This article aims to determine the prevalence of sending nude pictures/videos in the Norwegian population and investigates gender differences regarding consensual, unsolicited, and coerced experiences. Data were obtained from a probability-based web survey of 2181 men and 1967 women between 18 and 89 years old. The majority of participants expressed relatively accepting attitudes toward sending nude pictures/videos, and men expressed more positive attitudes than women.

Comparing Bariatric Surgery Patients Who Desire, Have Undergone, or Have No Desire for Body Contouring Surgery: a 5-Year Prospective Study of Body Image and Mental Health.

Purpose: After bariatric surgery, body contouring surgery (BCS) is thought to improve body image, weight loss, and mental health. Many patients desire but do not undergo BCS after bariatric surgery. This patient subset has rarely been studied.

Reducing social anxiety in adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomised control trial of a web-based intervention.

A visible difference to the face or body may challenge adolescents' adjustment and engagement in life activities, where some require psychosocial support. However, evidence is limited for whether existing interventions for this adolescent group reduce social or appearance-related distress. We therefore conducted a parallel-group, randomised control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Young Person's Face IT, a self-guided web-based psychosocial intervention developed for adolescents with a visible difference who experience distress.

Recruiting hard-to-engage groups to online psychosocial interventions: Experiences from an RCT study targeting adolescents with a visible difference.

Online interventions have the potential to reach individuals who are otherwise difficult to engage due to stigma and sensitive topics. However, these individuals also tend to be hard to recruit in clinical trials, a crucial step in order to provide evidence-based interventions. This highlights a need for more information about efficient recruitment strategies for difficult-to-engage groups.

Psychological predictors of intention and avoidance of attending organized mammography screening in Norway: applying the Extended Parallel Process Model.

Background: Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly available mammography screening programs. The aim of the current study, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, was to examine how psychological factors influence defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography.

Visual, Verbal and Everyday Memory 2 Years After Bariatric Surgery: Poorer Memory Performance at 1-Year Follow-Up.

Severe obesity has been associated with reduced performance on tests of verbal memory in bariatric surgery candidates. There is also some evidence that bariatric surgery leads to improved verbal memory, yet these findings need further elucidation. Little is known regarding postoperative memory changes in the visual domain and how patients subjectively experience their everyday memory after surgery.

Preoperative inhibitory control predicts weight loss 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Objective: Executive function (EF) and, in particular, inhibitory control have been associated with weight loss (WL) in behavioural WL treatment for obesity. Few studies have focused on the relationship between preoperative inhibitory control and post-operative WL following bariatric surgery, and the potential mediating role of maladaptive eating behaviours is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate preoperative executive function as a predictor of WL at 1 year following bariatric surgery.

The role of body image in sexual satisfaction among partnered older adults: a population-based study in four European countries.

Body image issues can affect all domains of sexual functioning. The aim of this study was to examine how, in a sociocultural context where physical and sexual attractiveness is equated with young and slim body ideals, appearance dissatisfaction and importance are related to sexual satisfaction in older adults in four European countries. A cross-sectional survey with probability samples of the population aged 60-75 years was used.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.

Associations between perceived somatic symptoms and mental health after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a 3-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Attention to and interpretation of symptoms are influenced by psychologic and contextual factors. Preoperative anxiety, and to some extent depression, has been found to predict the perceived impact of somatic symptoms 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Postoperative changes in negative affect may possibly both influence and be influenced by the perception of somatic symptoms.

Associations between body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and aging anxiety with depression, and appearance-related behaviors in women in mid-life.

The impacts of body dissatisfaction have been widely studied among adolescent girls, but much less in women in mid-life. In this study, we evaluated the associations between body dissatisfaction, psychological health and behaviors used to manage age-related changes, in an online survey of 331 women aged 45-65. Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance and aging anxiety were associated with higher depression scores.

Executive Function, Eating Behavior, and Preoperative Weight Loss in Bariatric Surgery Candidates: An Observational Study.

Background: Individual differences in executive function may influence eating behavior, weight loss (WL), and WL maintenance in obesity treatment. Executive function, which designates top-down cognitive control processes, has been related to eating behaviors which may impact weight, and has been found to be predictive of WL in both behavioral WL programs and after bariatric surgery. Currently, we lack knowledge on the role of executive function in the period before bariatric surgery.