SIK2: A Novel Negative Feedback Regulator of FGF2 Signaling.

A wide range of cells respond to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) by proliferation via activation of the Ras/ERK1/2 pathway. In this study, the potential involvement of salt inducible kinase SIK2) in this cascade within retinal Müller glia is explored. It is found that SIK2 phosphorylation status and activity are modulated in an FGF2-dependent manner, possibly via ERK1/2.

Salt inducible kinases as novel Notch interactors in the developing Drosophila retina.

Developmental processes require strict regulation of proliferation, differentiation and patterning for the generation of final organ size. Aberrations in these fundamental events are critically important in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Salt inducible kinases (Siks) are evolutionarily conserved genes involved in diverse biological processes, including salt sensing, metabolism, muscle, cartilage and bone formation, but their role in development remains largely unknown.

SIK2 attenuates proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells with simultaneous perturbation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways.

Salt Inducible Kinase2 (SIK2) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis in multiple tumor types in a dichotomous manner. However, little is known about its contribution to breast malignancies. Here, we report SIK2 as a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer whose expression was reduced in tumor tissues and breast cancer cell lines compared to normal counterparts.

Whole genome sequencing of Turkish genomes reveals functional private alleles and impact of genetic interactions with Europe, Asia and Africa.

Background: Turkey is a crossroads of major population movements throughout history and has been a hotspot of cultural interactions. Several studies have investigated the complex population history of Turkey through a limited set of genetic markers. However, to date, there have been no studies to assess the genetic variation at the whole genome level using whole genome sequencing.

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) and FGF receptor 1 signaling in human Y79 retinoblastoma.

Objectives: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) represent potent effectors and play essential roles in both normal development and many pathological processes. Little is known about their possible implication in retinoblastoma growth. We sought to examine FGF high- and low-affinity receptor (FGFR) expression, activation of FGFR1 by acidic FGF (FGF-1), and proliferative effects on Y79 cells.

Expression and possible function of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) and its cognate receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3 in postnatal and adult retina.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important regulators of retinal development and survival. We examined the expression and distribution of FGF9 and its preferred receptors FGFR2IIIc and FGFR3IIIc in this tissue. FGF9 transcripts in whole rat retina were detected by RT-PCR but were not present in purified cultured Muller glia.

Tenascin in meningioma: expression is correlated with anaplasia, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and peritumoral edema but not with tumor border shape.

Objective: Tenascin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during embryogenesis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate how tenascin expression relates to histological grade, angiogenesis, and radiological findings in meningiomas.

Methods: Twenty typical, 20 atypical, and 5 malignant meningiomas were studied retrospectively.