Secondary reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon rupture: flexor hallucis longus transfer versus plantaris longus augmentation.

Introduction: Chronic Achilles tendon rupture is primarily caused by degenerative processes of multifactorial origin. In addition to secondary repair (SR) with augmentation of the plantaris longus tendon, the transfer of the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) to the calcaneus is a recognised reconstruction procedure. This paper aims to provide a direct comparison based on clinical scores and objectifiable strength measurements.

Pharmacokinetics of piracetam: a study on the bioavailability with special regard to renal and non-renal elimination.

The basis of this investigation was a trial on the relative bioavailability of a recently developed galenic formulation of piracetam. The open, randomized, single-blind crossover study was performed in 16 healthy male volunteers aged between 20 and 31 years. Under fasting conditions, they were given a single oral dose of 1600 mg piracetam either of the test drug or the reference drug.

Outlook 2000. The major trends.

The American economy is expected to grow by 30 percent between 1988 and 2000, while the labor force will increase by 16 percent. This summary of trends for the economy, the labor force, industries, and occupations also looks at some implications of the projections. For example, continued growth opens the way to a more equitable labor market in the future, but only if workers have the education and training needed by employers.

[Gastrointestinal absorption of theophylline, especially with reference to retard preparations].

Little is known about the absorption of theophylline from definite parts of the intestine, though there are many depot or slow-release formulations of theophylline on the market and this topic should be of relevant importance. Most of these formulations are releasing the drug for up to 24 hours while passing the bowels. In this prospective, open, randomised, study with an interchange trial design the absorption of theophylline from the colon was studied in eight healthy male volunteers: 400 mg theophylline was given intravenously and in two different forms into the colon transversum by application with an endoscope.