The Relationship of Gastrocnemius-Soleus Muscle Architecture with Balance and Functional Strength in Acute Stroke Patients.

Balance and functional impairment could occur due to the weakness of the gastrocsoleus muscles in acute stroke patients. This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture and its relationship to balance and functional strength functional ability in patients with acute stroke. A cross-sectional analysis of 22 stroke patients (68.

The effect of sleep disorders on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: A multicenter study from Turkey.

Objective: We aimed to investigate sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and to investigate the effects of sleep disorders on quality of life.

Methods: In our multicenter study conducted in Turkey, 1358 PWE were evaluated. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded.

Effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and oxidative stress in silent brain infarction.

Ischemic infarctions occur under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. In our study, the role of ischemia-modified albumin and thiol balance, which are new markers in determining oxidative damage together with MTHFR gene polymorphisms and homocysteine levels, in the development of SBI was investigated. White matter lesions in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results of the patients were evaluated according to the Fazekas scale and divided into groups (Grade 0, 1, 2, and 3).

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA-T).

: The Brunel Balance Assessment Scale (BBA) is a valid, reliable scale for evaluating functional balance and mobility in patients with stroke. It should also be fast, simple, portable and inexpensive for use in clinical practice.:The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA-T) in post-stroke patients.

The effects of temperament and character traits on perceived social support and quality of life in patients with epilepsy.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of temperament and character traits on perceived social support and quality of life in patients with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods: Fifty-two PWE and 54 healthy controls were included in this study. Demographics and clinical data were recorded.

P-wave dispersion in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction assessed by the presence of arrhythmia, by the methods, such as heart rate variability or blood pressure variability, and by the electrocardiographic abnormalities is common in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The goal of present study was to analyze the P-wave dispersion (PWD), which is the non-invasive marker of atrial arrhythmia, in GBS patients and to compare those with healthy individuals. Thirty-five patients with GBS (mean age 53.

Applications of external cavity diode laser-based technique to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: chronic kidney disease, epilepsy.

An external cavity laser (ECL)-based off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy was applied to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: (1) the correlation between breath ammonia levels and blood parameters related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) was investigated and (2) the relationship between breath ammonia levels and blood concentrations of valproic acid (VAP) was studied. The concentrations of breath ammonia in 15 healthy volunteers, 10 epilepsy patients (before and after taking VAP), and 27 patients with different stages of CKD were examined. The range of breath ammonia levels was 120 to 530 ppb for healthy subjects and 710 to 10,400 ppb for patients with CKD.

The clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the main chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system that causes functional disability in young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with MS and the relationship between the NLR and the severity of the disease. One hundred and two MS patients (31 patients were in relapse; 71 patients were in remission) and 56 healthy controls were included.

The effect of cigarette smoking on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with migraine.

Context: Migraine is a frequent and disabling chronic neurological condition with complex pathophysiology. Both cigarette smoking and migraine may cause damage to the optic nerve.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with migraine.

Modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium entry in leukocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis by Hypericum perforatum.

Objectives: Hypericum perfortarum (HP, St John's wort) is a modulator of Ca(2+) entry in neutrophils and it may modulate intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) entry in leukocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated effects of HP on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and [Ca(2+)]i concentrations in serum and leukocytes of patients with MS.

Methods: Neutrophils of nine newly diagnosed MS patients and nine healthy subjects within four subgroups were used in the study.

Effects of selenium and topiramate on cytosolic Ca(2+) influx and oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells.

It has been widely suggested that selenium (Se) deficiency play an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. It has been reported that Se provides protection against the neuronal damage in patients and animals with epilepsy by restoring the antioxidant defense mechanism. The neuroprotective effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported in several studies but the putative mechanism of action remains elusive.

Effects of lisinopril on NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B levels in the hippocampus of rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension.

Hypertension is major risk factor leading to cerebrovascular pathologies. N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and renin-angiotensin system are involved in neuronal plasticity, as well as cognitive functions in the hippocampus. In this study, we examined the effects of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, on the levels of hippocampal NMDAR subunits; NR2A and NR2B in L-NAME (N(ε)-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester)-induced hypertensive rats.

Status epilepticus in a 52-year-old woman due to intracranial needle.

Intracranial needles are a rare entity. They most commonly present with headache and seizures. The management of such patients is sometimes challenging.

Determining the effectiveness of various treatment modalities in carpal tunnel syndrome by ultrasonography and comparing ultrasonographic findings with other outcomes.

Unlabelled: Firstly, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of various treatment modalities using ultrasonography (US), and secondly, we aimed to assess the correlations between the ultrasonographic findings and electrophysiological tests, symptom severity, functional status and physical findings. 74 hands of 47 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were randomly treated by applying wrist splinting alone in the neutral position (23 hands), phonophoresis with corticosteroid (PCS) (28 hands) and phonophoresis with non-steroid anti-inflamatory drug (PNSAI) (23 hands). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN) was determined by ultrasound on the initial and at the 3 months after treatment.

The efficacy of phonophoresis on electrophysiological studies of the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

To investigate the efficacy of phonophoresis with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (P-NSAID) and corticosteroids (P-CS) in the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to compare the efficacy of phonophoresis with local CS injection (LCSI) and splinting with a 3-month follow-up. 84 hands of 51 patients with CTS were treated by applying LCSI, P-CS, P-NSAID, and wrist splinting. Electrophysiological studies, grip strength, hand dexterity, and sensory recovery of the first three digits were assessed.

Topiramate modulates hippocampus NMDA receptors via brain Ca(2+) homeostasis in pentylentetrazol-induced epilepsy of rats.

Background: Increase in neuronal Ca(2+), activation of hippocampus N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and defects in enzymes such as brain cortex microsomal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (MMCA) are thought to play a role in epilepsy. Topiramate (TOP) is a novel drug with broad antiepileptic effect, and its effect on brain cortex MMCA is not known. We investigated effects of TOP on pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced MMCA activity and NMDAR subunits in rat brain.

Topiramate and vitamin e modulate the electroencephalographic records, brain microsomal and blood antioxidant redox system in pentylentetrazol-induced seizure of rats.

We investigated the effects of vitamin E and topiramate (TPM) administrations on pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced blood and brain toxicity in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first and second groups were used for the control and PTZ groups, respectively.

Effects of selenium and topiramate on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamin levels in blood of pentylentetrazol-induced epileptic rats.

Free radicals and selenium (Se) deficiency are involved in pathogenesis of epilepsy. Topiramate (TPM), a new anticonvulsant, was reported to possess neuroprotective effect via inhibition of free radicals. We investigated the effects of Se and TPM on pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced blood toxicity in rats.

Selenium and topiramate modulates brain microsomal oxidative stress values, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and EEG records in pentylentetrazol-induced seizures in rats.

It has been suggested that oxidative stress products play an important role in the etiology of epilepsy. We investigated the effects of selenium (Se) administration on topiramate (TPM)- and pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced brain toxicity in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modulates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in testes of rat.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in rats. Nineteen male rats were divided into three groups as follows: group I, control; group II, methotrexate-treated; group III, methotrexate + caffeic acid phenethyl ester-treated. In the second day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups II and III, although a daily single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester was intraperitoneally administered to group III for 7 days.

Topiramate and vitamin e modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in pentylenetetrazol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Previous studies have shown that generation of free radicals is increased following pentylenetetrazol kindling, due to increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Topiramate, a voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor, has an evident effect in the treatment of childhood epilepsy; however, topiramate may cause nephrotoxicity. We investigated the effects of topiramate and vitamin E administration on pentylenetetrazol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by evaluation of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase values.