The Reverse Backlash: How the Success of Populist Radical Right Parties Relates to More Positive Immigration Attitudes.

What is the relationship between the electoral success of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) and public attitudes toward immigration? Previous research suggests that PRRP success can lead to more negative attitudes due to the breaking down of antiprejudice norms and more prominent anti-immigration party cues. However, we argue that greater PRRP success could have a positive relationship with immigration attitudes, reflecting negative partisanship, polarization, and a desire to reemphasize antiprejudice norms, which we call a "reverse backlash effect." Using the best available electoral and public opinion data across the last thirty years in twenty-four European countries, our TSCS analyses show the predominance of such "reverse backlash effects" across several operationalizations of PRRP success.

Public Attitudes to Immigration in the Aftermath of COVID-19: Little Change in Policy Preferences, Big Drops in Issue Salience.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected public attitudes toward immigration? Long-term evidence in Europe and the United States suggests attitudes to immigration are relatively stable and, in some cases, becoming more favorable with high volatility instead of the perceived importance of the issue. However, theoretically a global pandemic could exacerbate people's fears of outsiders or that migration may contribute to the disease. By contrast, attitudes could remain stable if their distal drivers prove to be robust enough to withstand the shock of COVID-19.

Photosensitizing effects and physicochemical properties of chlorophyll a derivatives with hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol fragments at the macrocycle periphery.

In this work, screening studies of the cytotoxic effect of chlorins with fragments of di-, tri-, and pentaethylene glycol at the macrocycle periphery in relation to HeLa, A549, and HT29 cells were performed. It is shown that, despite different hydrophobicity, all the compounds studied have a comparable photodynamic effect. The conjugate of chlorin e with pentaethylene glycol, which has the lowest tendency to association among the studied compounds with tropism for low density lipoproteins and the best characteristics of the formation of molecular complexes with Tween 80, has a significant difference in dark and photoinduced toxicity (ratio IC/IC approximately 2 orders of magnitude for all cell lines), which allows to hope for a sufficiently large "therapeutic window".

Tuning the Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Formation by Template Effect and Precursor Selection.

The novel metal-organic framework [(CH)NH][Ce(bdc)(DMF)]·2HO (, Hbdc-terephthalic acid, DMF-,-dimethylformamide) was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. has 3D connectivity of type with a dinuclear fragment connected with eight neighbors, while three types of guest species are residing in its pores: water, DMF, and dimethylammonium cations. Dimethylamine was demonstrated to have a decisive templating effect on the formation of , as its deliberate addition to the solvothermal reaction allows the reproducible synthesis of the new framework.

Thermogravimetric and thermovolumetric study of municipal solid waste (MSW) and wood biomass for hydrogen-rich gas production: a case study of Tashkent region.

Application of municipal solid and wood waste, as dominant sources of biomass, could be a promising alternative for producing energy from renewables via thermochemical gasification technology. In this paper, a study of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and excurrent gas composition produced by the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wood biomass gasification is presented. Thermogravimetric and heat flow curves for waste samples were performed at the temperature interval of 20-890 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min under a nitrogen atmosphere.

CO-Assisted Sugar Cane Gasification Using Transition Metal Catalysis: An Impact of Metal Loading on the Catalytic Behavior.

To meet the increasing needs of fuels, especially non-fossil fuels, the production of "bio-oil" is proposed and many efforts have been undertaken to find effective ways to transform bio-wastes into valuable substances to obtain the fuels and simultaneously reduce carbon wastes, including CO. This work is devoted to the gasification of sugar cane bagasse to produce CO in the process assisted by CO. The metals were varied (Fe, Co, or Ni), along with their amounts, in order to find the optimal catalyst composition.

Liquid-Phase Partial Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene at Ambient Conditions Catalyzed by Pd-Fe-O Nanoparticles Supported on Silica.

Catalysts with no hazardous or toxic components are required for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenic bonds in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, vitamins, nutraceuticals, and fragrances. The present work demonstrates that a high selectivity to alkene can be reached over a Pd-Fe-O/SiO system prepared by the co-impregnation of a silica support with a solution of the metal precursors (NH)[Fe(CO)] and [Pd(NH)]Cl followed by thermal treatment in hydrogen or in air at 400 °C. A DRIFT spectroscopic study of CO adsorption revealed large shifts in the position of the Pd-CO bands for this system, indicating the strong effect of Fe on the Pd electronic state, resulting in a decreased rate of double C=C bond hydrogenation and an increased selectivity of alkyne hydrogenation to alkene.

Recent Studies on the Application of Microwave-Assisted Method for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Catalytic Hydrogenation Processes.

Currently, microwave radiation is widely used in various chemical processes in order to intensify them and carry out processes within the framework of "green" chemistry approaches. In the last 10 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of scientific publications on the application of microwaves in catalytic reactions and synthesis of nanomaterials. It is known that heterogeneous catalysts obtained under microwave activation conditions have many advantages, such as improved catalytic characteristics and stability, and the synthesis of nanomaterials is accelerated several times compared to traditional methods used to produce catalysts.

Rhodium-Based Catalysts: An Impact of the Support Nature on the Catalytic Cyclohexane Ring Opening.

Because of the growing demand for high-quality fuels, the light cycle oil fraction improvement including cetane number improvement is important. The main way to reach this improvement is the ring opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, and a highly effective catalyst should be found. Cyclohexane ring openings are a possible option to investigate the catalyst activity.

Phase Equilibria of the In-Pd-Sn System at 500 °C and 800 °C: Experimental Study and CALPHAD Modeling.

Phase equilibria in the In-Pd-Sn system were investigated by a combination of key experiments and thermodynamic modeling. Partial isothermal sections at 500 °C and 800 °C of the In-Pd-Sn system for Pd contents above 66 at.% have been plotted experimentally using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Monocationic Chlorin as a Promising Photosensitizer for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of tumor biology, and the appearance of new generations of targeted drugs and treatment techniques, the success achieved in this battle, with some notable exceptions, is still only moderate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful but still underestimated therapeutic modality for treating many superficial cancers.

Influence of the Method of Fe Deposition on the Surface of Hydrolytic Lignin on the Activity in the Process of Its Conversion in the Presence of CO.

Hydrolytic lignin is one of the non-demanded carbon materials. Its CO-assisted conversion is an important way to utilize it. The use of the catalysts prepared by metal deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin makes it possible to apply milder conditions of the conversion process with CO and to improve the economic indicators.

IR-spectroscopic study of complex formation of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO) with strong Lewis acid sites and the reactivity of adsorbed species in CO and CH oxidation.

The formation of complexes and transformations of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO) on strong Lewis acid sites of HZSM-5, H[Ga]ZSM-5, ZnO/HZSM-5 zeolites and dealuminated mordenites was investigated by diffuse-reflectance IR spectroscopy. Adsorbed NO that is formed by disproportionation of NO is capable of oxidizing CO and CH molecules to CO. The behaviour of strong Lewis acid sites in zeolites and cationic forms of zeolites in the NO disproportionation and CO or CH oxidation was comparatively studied.

Sponge-like CoNi Catalysts Synthesized by Combustion of Reactive Solutions: Stability and Performance for CO Hydrogenation.

Active and stable catalysts are essential for effective hydrogenation of gaseous CO into valuable chemicals. This work focuses on the structural and catalytic features of single metals, i.e.

Solvation, Cancer Cell Photoinactivation and the Interaction of Chlorin Photosensitizers with a Potential Passive Carrier Non-Ionic Surfactant Tween 80.

Cancer and drug-resistant superinfections are common and serious problems afflicting millions worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful and clinically approved modality used for the management of many neoplastic and nonmalignant diseases. The combination of the light-activated molecules, so-called photosensitizers (PSs), with an appropriate carrier, is proved to enhance PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.

Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Carbohydrates.

Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into value-added products and platform chemicals became a trend in recent years. Microwave activation used in the processes of carbohydrate conversion coupled with the proper choice of catalysts makes it possible to enhance dramatically the efficiency and sometimes the selectivity of catalysts. This mini-review presents a brief literature survey related to state-of-the-art methods developed recently by the world research community to solve the problem of rational conversion of carbohydrates, mostly produced from natural resources and wastes (forestry and agriculture wastes) including production of hydrogen, synthesis gas, furanics, and alcohols.

Impact of composition and structural parameters on the catalytic activity of MFI type titanosilicalites.

Titanosilicalite of the MFI type was obtained a hydrothermal method. Its initial and annealed at 75 °C (TS-1P(75)) and 500 °C (TS-1P(500)) forms were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS-method), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (TPD NH), and pyridine adsorption (Py). The full-profile Rietveld method allowed us to observe the presence of the organic template tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) in the framework voids, as well as to determine the silicate module (Si/Ti = 73.

Zn Doping Effect on the Performance of Fe-Based Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO to Light Hydrocarbons.

In this work, we studied the role of zinc in the composition of supported iron-containing catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO. Various variants of incipient wetness impregnation of the support were tested to obtain catalyst samples. The best results are shown for samples synthesized by co-impregnation of the support with a common solution of iron and zinc precursors at the same molar ratio of iron and zinc.

Nitrous Oxide Adsorption and Decomposition on Zeolites and Zeolite-like Materials.

Decomposition of NO on modified zeolites, crystalline titanosilicalites, and related amorphous systems is studied by the catalytic and spectroscopic methods. Zinc-containing HZSM-5 zeolites and titanosilicalites with moderate Ti/Si ratios are shown to exhibit a better catalytic performance in NO decomposition as compared with conventionally used Cu/HZSM-5 zeolites and amorphous Cu-containing catalysts. Dehydroxylation of the HZSM-5 zeolite by calcination at 1120 K results in an enhancement of the NO conversion.

Transurethral Resection of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors Combined with Fluorescence Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e-Type Photosensitizers.

Bladder cancer is a common disease with a high recurrence rate. In order to improve the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection (TURB) followed by fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin e photosensitizers (PSs), . "Fotoran e" and "Fotoditazin".

IR-Spectroscopic Study of Complex Formation of Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NO) with Cationic Forms of Zeolites and the Reactivity of Adsorbed Species in CO and CH Oxidation.

The formation of complexes and disproportionation of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO) on cationic forms of LTA, FAU, and MOR zeolites was investigated by diffuse-reflectance IR spectroscopy. NO is adsorbed on the samples under study in the molecular form and the frequencies of the first overtone of the stretching vibrations ν and the combination bands of the stretching vibrations with other vibrational modes for NO complexes with cationic sites in zeolites (ν + ν, ν + δ) are more significantly influenced by the nature of the zeolite. The presence of several IR bands in the region of 2400-2600 cm (the ν + δ transitions) for different zeolite types was explained by the availability of different localization sites for cations in these zeolites.

Ozonation of Decalin as a Model Saturated Cyclic Molecule: A Spectroscopic Study.

Ozonolysis is used for oxidation of a model cyclic molecule-decalin, which may be considered as an analog of saturated cyclic molecules present in heavy oil. The conversion of decalin exceeds 50% with the highest yield of formation of acids about 15-17%. Carboxylic acids, ketones/aldehydes, and alcohols are produced as intermediate products.

Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Hydrogen on Fe, Co Supported Alumina and Carbon Catalysts under Supercritical Conditions.

Reduction of CO with hydrogen into CO was studied for the first time on alumina-supported Co and Fe catalysts under supercritical conditions with the goal to produce either CO or CH as the target products. The extremely high selectivity towards methanation close to 100% was found for the Co/AlO catalyst, whereas the Fe/AlO system demonstrates a predominance of hydrogenation to CO with noticeable formation of ethane (up to 15%). The space-time yield can be increased by an order of magnitude by using the supercritical conditions as compared to the gas-phase reactions.

Ethanol to Acetaldehyde Conversion under Thermal and Microwave Heating of ZnO-CuO-SiO Modified with WC Nanoparticles.

The nonoxidative conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde under thermal and microwave heating was studied on mixed oxide ZnO-CuO-SiO catalysts modified with additives of tungsten carbide nanoparticles. The results revealed that the WC-modified catalyst exhibited superior activity and selectivity under microwave heating conditions. It is assumed that when microwave heating is used, hot zones can appear at the contact points of WC nanoparticles and active centers of the mixed oxide ZnO-CuO-SiO catalyst, which intensively absorb microwave energy, allowing the more efficient formation of acetaldehyde at moderate temperatures.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Humate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles: Relation of Coating Process Parameters to the Properties of Nanoparticles.

Nowadays, there is a demand in the production of nontoxic multifunctional magnetic materials possessing both high colloidal stability in water solutions and high magnetization. In this work, a series of water-dispersible natural humate-polyanion coated superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles has been synthesized via microwave-assisted synthesis without the use of inert atmosphere. An impact of a biocompatible humate-anion as a coating agent on the structural and physical properties of nanoparticles has been established.