Cannabis-Based Phytocannabinoids: Overview, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Application, Production, and Affecting Environmental Factors.

This review provides an overview of cannabis-based phytocannabinoids, focusing on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and production processes, along with the environmental factors that affect their quality and efficacy. Phytocannabinoids such as THC (∆-tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD (cannabidiol), CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), and CBC (cannabichromene) exhibit significant therapeutic potential in treating various physical and mental health conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, skin disorders, and anxiety. The cultivation of cannabis plays a crucial role in determining cannabinoid profiles, with indoor cultivation offering more control and consistency than outdoor methods.

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic value of the VHIT and Dix-Hallpike test in patients with balance system disorders in out-patient healthcare practice and expertise preparation.

Introduction: The aim of the paper was the comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of the Video Head Impulse Testing (VHIT) Ulmer I and Dix-Hallpike Test in patients with balance system disorders in out-patient practice and expertise preparation.

Material And Methods: The examination was performed in 63 patients aged 20-79, including 28 women aged 20-72 and 35 men aged 23-79, divided into two groups: Group I (study group) - 33 patients with mixed cause vertigo (on the basis of the Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test during the VNG examination), and Group II (reference group) - 30 healthy patients. After the ENT interview and physical examination, exclusion of pathological lesions in the external acoustic meatus and middle ear, each patient was subjected to a Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test during VNG examination, as well as a VHIT test and Dix-Hallpike test, with the evaluation of eyeball reaction during head rotation.

The influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives.

Introduction: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives.

Material And Methods: 105 young women participated in the study who were divided into 2 groups. Group I: 52 women disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 20-49; Group II: 53 women with no disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 18-40.

The influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives.

Introduction: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives.

Material And Methods: 105 young women participated in the study who were divided into 2 groups. Group I: 52 women disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 20-49; Group II: 53 women with no disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 18-40.

Inflammation of the frontal intersinus septal air cell as a cause of headaches.

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to present a rare case of frontal intersinus septal air cell inflammation as a cause of headaches.

Presentation Of Case: A 23-year-old patient was admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology for severe headaches during an upper respiratory tract infection. After neurological consultation including brain MRI and CT scanning of the paranasal sinuses, the inflammation of the frontal intersinus septal air cell was diagnosed.

[Neoplastic tumors in patients with unilateral inflammations qualified for endoscopic surgery].

Introduction: The aim of this work was to analyze the occurrence and type of neoplasm in unilateral pathological lesions within the nose and paranasal sinuses in patients who underwent endoscopic surgery, in own material.

Material And Methods: Between 2006 and 2012 2295 patients, including 1006 women aged 15-84 and 1289 men aged 17-87, were operated on due to diseases of paranasal sinuses in the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology. The patients underwent surgery after a medical interview, physical examination, 3D CT of paranasal sinuses and laboratory tests.

[Internal and external chordectomy via laryngofissure with the use of CO2 laser].

Introduction: The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapy results of patients with glottic carcinoma in the T1NoMo advanced clinical stage on internal or external chordectomy via the thyroid cartilage with the use of CO2 laser.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted in 110 patients, including 7 women aged 52-68 and 103 men aged 52-73, who were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Military Medical Academy Teaching Hospital in Lodz, during the years 2010-2012, due to laryngeal carcinoma (T1N0M0).

Results: The studied material was subjected to external chordectomy via laryngofissure in 51 men (46.

[Inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses in own material].

Introduction: The aim of this work was to analyze the occurrence of inverted papilloma within the nose and paranasal sinuses, the extent of lesions and the clinical course in the patients who underwent endoscopic surgery.

Materials And Methods: Between the years of 2006-2012, at the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, 2295 patients were subjected to surgery due to paranasal sinus diseases. The material was based on their past medical histories.

The use of videonystagmography head impulse test (VHIT) in the diagnostics of semicircular canal injuries in patients with vertigo.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the function of semicircular canal in videonystagmography head impulse test (VHIT) in the patients with vertigo and balance disorders.

Material And Methods: The study was performed in 135 patients (86 women and 49 men) aged 22-79 years, who were divided into 2 groups: I (study group) - 73 patients with vertigo of peripheral, central or mixed origin, II (control group) - 62 patients without vertigo (healthy individuals). The function of canal was determined on the basis of GAIN and expressed as DG/RH×100% (where DG is deviation of gaze and RH is rotation of head).

Effects of oral contraceptives on selected parameters of the homeostatic control system in young women having a sudden disorder of the auditory and/or balance system.

The purpose of the paper was to assess the effects of oral contraceptives on selected parameters of the homeostatic control system in women having a sudden disorder of the auditory and/or balance system. The study included 105 young women divided into two groups: Group I--52 women with the disorder of the auditory and/or balance system using hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, aged 20-49; and Group II--53 women without any disorder of the auditory and/or balance system using hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, aged 18-40. The patients included in the study underwent a full otoneurological evaluation, detailed laryngological diagnostics and an evaluation of selected parameters of the homeostatic control system--fibrinogen level, D-dimer level, evaluation of APTT and PT indicator, plasma estradiol and progesterone with the Roche Cobas analyser by means of chemiluminescence.

[Anatomical anomalies of the vertebral and carotid arteries in patients with vertigo and hearing disorders].

Introduction: The aim of this work was the analysis of the frequency and type of anatomical anomalies of the arteries to the cranium such as vertebral arteries and carotid arteries in patients with vertigo and hearing disorders.

Material And Methods: Between 2007 and 2011, in the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, the number of the patients diagnosed due to vertigo and hearing disorders amounted to 2,167. In CT-angiogram anatomical anomalies were confirmed in 29 of these patients.

[Early complications of Griggs percutaneous tracheotomy in own material].

Introduction: The aim of the work was to assess early complications of Griggs percutaneous tracheotomy in the own material.

Material And Methods: The study covered 155 patients aged 17-88, including 36 women and 119 men. The patients were treated at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy between 2006-2010.

[Posterior cranial fossa tumours as a cause of sudden hearing deterioration and/or vertigo].

Introduction: The aim of the work was to analyse sudden deterioration of hearing and/or vertigo occurrence as an early symptom of posterior cranial fossa tumours.

Material And Methods: Among 1.394 people who reported vertigo and hearing impairment and were hospitalised at the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Military Teaching Hospital in Lodz within the years of 2007-2010 twenty-seven patients were analysed.

DNA damage and repair of head and neck cancer cells after radio- and chemotherapy.

DNA repair is critical for successful chemo- and radiotherapy of human tumours, because their genotoxic sensitivity may vary in different types of cancer cells. In this study we have compared DNA damage and the efficiency of its repair after genotoxic treatment with hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin and gamma-radiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Lymphocytes and tissue cells from biopsies of 37 cancer patients and 35 healthy donors as well as the HTB-43 larynx cancer cell line were employed.

DNA double strand breaks repair and apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of head and neck cancer patients.

Aim: To evaluate the generation and repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) as a critical factors that define the efficiency of radiation therapy of cancer patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 18 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 18 healthy donors were studied. The efficiency of DSBs repair after genotoxic treatment with hydrogen peroxide and gamma-radiation were examined by neutral comet assay.

[The rare case of the multiple primary planoepithelial laryngeal cancer and clarocellular renal cancer].

The authors present a rare case of the primary multiple planoepithelial laryngeal cancer and clarocellular renal cancer in a patient operated in the Clinic. The patient, called EJ., was admitted to the Clinic of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology due to hoarse voice he had been suffering for 6 months.

[Tinnitus diagnosis and treatment on the basis of our experiences].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analise tinnitus diagnosis and treatment on the basis of our experiences.

Material And Methods: 137 patients hospitalizated in Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Clinic because of tinnitus (88 women - 64% and 49 men - 35,8%) were included to the study. The diagnostic procedures were unified that enabled put forward correct diagnosis.

[Comparative assessment of results in cervical vertigo pharmacotherapy vs physiotherapy treatment].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy in cervical vertigo treatment.

Material And Methods: 80 patients with cervical vertigo (41 women and 39 men), aged 20 to 85, were treated by pharmacotherapy or physiotherapy. There were two groups: group I was treated by pharmacotherapy and group II was treated by physiotherapy and kinesitherapy.

[Phlegmon neck and face as a complication peritonsillar abscess--case report].

The authors describe a 46-year-old male patient. Inflammatory state of tonsils and peritonsillar abscess caused a serious complication which came to parapharyngeal phlegmon and superficial soft tissue phlegmon face and neck. A wide application of antibiotic gives a rare complication, but mortality reaches a few percent.

[Influence of positional blood flow disorders in the vertebral and basilar arteries on the prevalence of vertigo in patients with cervical spondylosis].

The aim of present study was to characterize the association between prevalence of vertigo and age, grade of radiological changes and positional vertebral (VA) and basilar artery (BA) flow lesion in patients with cervical spondylosis. We examined 80 patients with radiological evidence of cervical spondylosis. Forty patients complained positional vertigo.

The occurrence of addictions among high school students.

The usage of psychoactive substances can be related to a vast percentage of teenage population. Smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol or taking drugs during the stage of growth and development can lead to detrimental health effect and, frequently, to serious addictions. The aim of this paper was the evaluation of the spreading frequency of mentioned habits among the high school students.

Qualitative and quantitative studies in electron microscopy on influence of experimental ischemia of the vertebral arteries on the outer hair cells function in guinea pigs.

Histological studies were performed in 20 guinea pigs, both sexes, weighing 250-300 g and divided into two groups: I--control (anaesthetized animals without surgery), II--examined (in anaesthetized animals through an incision of the skin and muscles of the neck), the left or right vertebral artery was exposed and a vascular clip was inserted into the foramen of the transverse process of the 2-nd cervical vertebra. 50 days after this procedure, the guinea pigs were again anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 35% solution of chloral hydrate, then vascular and cochlear perfusion with 3.6% solution of glutaraldehyde was performed.

[Therapeutic efficacy assessment of cefuroxime axetil in short 4 day course of empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with bacterial infections of upper respiratory tract and otitis media].

There were examined 261 patients aged 18-62 ambulatory treated and divided into five groups: I--65 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis, II--43 patients with exacerbation of chronic maxillary sinusitis, III--40 patients with angina, IV--61 patients with acute otitis media and V--52 patients with exacerbation of chronic otitis media. Cefuroxime axetil have applied 2 times a day in 500 mg oral dose by 4 days. The therapeutic efficacy of cefuroxime axetil was assessed on the basis: fever chart and self assessment chart of showed symptoms which were assessed from 0 to 4.