antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity of Benth. essential oil from different sites of North-western Himalayas India.

Benth (Lamiaceae) is a wild herb that possesses a number of biologically active phytomolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate comparative essential oils (EOs) composition and biological (antimicrobial and anti-diabetic) activities of from higher altitudes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) were carried out for the identification and quantification of EOs components.

Volatile and aroma profiling of flower and rhizome of growing in North Western Himalayan region.

The present investigation was carried out for a comparative volatile study and aroma profiling of . The headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of flowers (HS-F) and rhizome (HS-R); GC-MS analysis of flower essential oil (EO-F), flower absolute (AB-F) and rhizome essential oil (EO-R) revealed 27, 19, 19, 15 and 12 compounds which constitute 96.22%, 96.

Heparin-Encapsulated Metered-Dose Topical "Nano-Spray Gel" Liposomal Formulation Ensures Rapid On-Site Management of Frostbite Injury by Inflammatory Cytokines Scavenging.

The critical time window between the incidence of frostbite injury and the initiation of treatment in remote snowbound areas is a determining factor for an effective therapeutic response. It is an emergency condition and challenging to treat due to the poor vascularity of affected body parts, and it requires immediate action. In addition to cold trauma-induced tissue damage, the inflammatory mediators majorly contribute to pathologic aggravations.

Recent advances in the neurobiology and neuropharmacology of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. The pathological hallmarks are extracellular deposits of amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. The cognitive deficits seen are thought to be due to synaptic dysfunction and neurochemical deficiencies.

Estrogen Receptor β Mediated Neuroprotective Efficacy of Cicer microphyllum Seed Extract in Global Hypoxia.

Hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus has been implicated for memory impairment in conditions like stroke, ischemia and hypobaric hypoxia. The present study, aimed at investigating the potential of ethanolic extract of Cicer microphyllum seeds (CSE) for amelioration of global hypoxia induced neurodegeneration in CA1 region of hippocampus. CSE supplementation considerably reduced neurodegeneration and dendritic atrophy in CA1 neurons along with improvement of memory in hypoxic rats.

Neuroprotective role of GABA receptor modulation against streptozotocin-induced behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in rats.

Stimulation as well as inhibition of GABA (Gamma amino butyric acid) receptors has been reported to show beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental evidences suggest that the use of GABAergic agents could influence learning and memory. The present study was designed to investigate the possible role of GABA receptors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in rats.

Acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of lyophilized Nymphaea x rubra Roxb. ex Andrews rhizome extract.

Nymphaea x rubra Roxb. ex Andrews (N. rubra) has been widely reported for immunomodulatory properties and treatment of piles, bleeding nose and dysentery in traditional medicinal systems.

Tuberculosis associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objectives: Reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and treatment of tuberculosis associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Data Source: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the CINAHL from inception to June 2016. We used the following search terms: Tuberculosis, COPD, Tuberculosis associated COPD, and so forth.

Global hypoxia induced impairment in learning and spatial memory is associated with precocious hippocampal aging.

Both chronological aging and chronic hypoxia stress have been reported to cause degeneration of hippocampal CA3 neurons and spatial memory impairment through independent pathways. However, the possible occurrence of precocious biological aging on exposure to single episode of global hypoxia resulting in impairment of learning and memory remains to be established. The present study thus aimed at bridging this gap in existing literature on hypoxia induced biological aging.

Terminalia arjuna bark extract improves diuresis and attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia induced cerebral vascular leakage.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Beneficial effect of zinc chloride and zinc ionophore pyrithione on attenuated cardioprotective potential of preconditioning phenomenon in STZ-induced diabetic rat heart.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is well demonstrated to produce cardioprotection by phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSk-3β) in the normal rat heart, but its effect is attenuated in the diabetic rat heart. This study was designed to investigate the effect of zinc chloride and zinc ionophore pyrithione (ZIP) on the attenuated cardioprotective potential of IPC in the diabetic rat heart. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.

Effectiveness of Parasagittal Interlaminar Epidural Local Anesthetic with or without Steroid in Chronic Lumbosacral Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Epidural injections (EI) are the most commonly performed minimally invasive intervention to manage chronic low back pain (CLBP) with lumbosacral radicular pain (LRP). Local anesthetic (LA) and/or steroids are frequently used injectates for EI and are reported with variable effectiveness. The majority of earlier studies have used either caudal, transforaminal (TF), or undefined interlaminar approaches for EI.

Rare adrenal gland emergencies: a case series of giant myelolipoma presenting with massive hemorrhage and abscess.

Introduction: Adrenal Myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm, which contains mature adipose tissue and variable amounts of haematopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during autopsy or imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Case Presentation: Here we reported a series of two cases of giant myelolipomas of the adrenal gland; first one the largest tumor reported so far presented with massive hemorrhage and the second case introduced with its rare unreported presentation of adrenal myelolipomas i.

FK506 attenuates intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Upregulation in calcineurin (CaN) signaling has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of FK506--a CaN inhibitor--on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental dementia of the Alzheimer's type in rats. STZ was administered intracerebroventricularly to induce a cognitive deficit and oxidative stress.

Therapeutic potential of GABA(B) receptor ligands in drug addiction, anxiety, depression and other CNS disorders.

Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, respectively in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation, in any of these or both, has been implicated in various CNS disorders. GABA acts via ionotropic (GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptor) and metabotropic (GABA(B)) receptor.

Phosphodiesterases: Regulators of cyclic nucleotide signals and novel molecular target for movement disorders.

Movement disorders rank among the most common neurological disorders. During the last two decades substantial progress has been made in understanding of the pathological basis of these disorders. Although, several mechanisms have been proposed, downregulation of cyclic nucleotide mediated signaling cascade has consistently been shown to contribute to the striatal dysfunctioning as seen in movement disorders.

Neuroprotective role of PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors in 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral and biochemical toxicities in rats.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have been reported to be beneficial in cognitive and motor disorders. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of RO 20-1724 (PDE4 inhibitor) and sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor) in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. 3-Nitropropionic acid was administered for 14 days (10 mg/kg i.

Ondansetron induced fatal ventricular tachycardia.

Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist used widely in the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. The common side effects of ondansetron are fever, malaise, diarrhoea, constipation, and allergic reactions. Extra-pyramidal reactions are rare and cardiovascular side effects are even rarer.