Ratio Shift Keying Modulation for Time-Varying Molecular Communication Channels.

Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been devoted to developing novel modulation techniques for MC based on various distinguishable characteristics of molecules, such as their concentrations or types. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK), where the information is encoded in the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules.

Toward Interdisciplinary Synergies in Molecular Communications: Perspectives from Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, Communications Engineering and Philosophy of Science.

Within many chemical and biological systems, both synthetic and natural, communication via chemical messengers is widely viewed as a key feature. Often known as such communication has been a concern in the fields of synthetic biologists, nanotechnologists, communications engineers, and philosophers of science. However, interactions between these fields are currently limited.

The impact of childhood trauma and daily life experiences on emotional and psychotic symptom intensity in psychosis: An experience sampling study.

Adverse childhood experiences create vulnerability to psychosis through biological and cognitive changes, and that may be observed as an increased emotional and psychotic response to daily life experiences in adulthood. This study aims to examine the effects of childhood maltreatment on psychotic patients' daily stress and emotional and psychotic intensity related to various experiences throughout the day. Daily activities and events, and emotional and psychotic intensity of forty-one psychotic patients were assessed with the Experience Sampling Method.

Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT).

Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT).

Maximum Likelihood Detection With Ligand Receptors for Diffusion-Based Molecular Communications in Internet of Bio-Nano Things.

Molecular Communication (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules as a method of information transfer among nanoscale devices. MC receiver is an essential component having profound impact on the communication system performance. However, the interaction of the receiver with information bearing molecules has been usually oversimplified in modeling the reception process and developing signal detection techniques.

D-DSC: Decoding Delay-based Distributed Source Coding for Internet of Sensing Things.

Spatial correlation between densely deployed sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be exploited to reduce the power consumption through a proper source coding mechanism such as distributed source coding (DSC). In this paper, we propose the Decoding Delay-based Distributed Source Coding (D-DSC) to improve the energy efficiency of the classical DSC by employing the decoding delay concept which enables the use of the maximum correlated portion of sensor samples during the event estimation. In D-DSC, network is partitioned into clusters, where the clusterheads communicate their uncompressed samples carrying the side information, and the cluster members send their compressed samples.

Modeling convection-diffusion-reaction systems for microfluidic molecular communications with surface-based receivers in Internet of Bio-Nano Things.

We consider a microfluidic molecular communication (MC) system, where the concentration-encoded molecular messages are transported via fluid flow-induced convection and diffusion, and detected by a surface-based MC receiver with ligand receptors placed at the bottom of the microfluidic channel. The overall system is a convection-diffusion-reaction system that can only be solved by numerical methods, e.g.

Do preoperative oral carbohydrates improve postoperative outcomesin patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts?

Background/aim: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the preoperative oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks by patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft attenuates postoperative insulin requirements, improves postoperative patient discomfort, provides inotropic support, shortens the length of the ICU stay, and shortens the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation. Materials and methods: This randomized prospective clinical study included 152 patients with coronary artery disease who were divided into 4 groups. Carbohydrates were administered to 3 groups at different hours and doses before operation.

On the capacity of diffusion-based molecular communications with SiNW FET-based receiver.

Molecular communication (MC) is a bio-inspired communication method based on the exchange of molecules for information transfer among nanoscale devices. Although MC has been extensively studied from various aspects, limitations imposed by the physical design of transceiving units have been largely neglected in the literature. Recently, we have proposed a nanobioelectronic MC receiver architecture based on the nanoscale field effect transistor-based biosensor (bioFET) technology, providing noninvasive and sensitive molecular detection at nanoscale while producing electrical signals at the output.

Fluorescent molecules as transceiver nanoantennas: the first practical and high-rate information transfer over a nanoscale communication channel based on FRET.

Nanocommunications via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a promising means of realising collaboration between photoactive nanomachines to implement advanced nanotechnology applications. The method is based on exchange of energy levels between fluorescent molecules by the FRET phenomenon which intrinsically provides a virtual nanocommunication link. In this work, further to the extensive theoretical studies, we demonstrate the first information transfer through a FRET-based nanocommunication channel.

FRET-based nanoscale point-to-point and broadcast communications with multi-exciton transmission and channel routing.

Nanoscale communication based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enables nanoscale single molecular devices to communicate with each other utilizing excitons generated on fluorescent molecules as information carriers. Based on the point-to-point single-exciton FRET-based nanocommunication model, we investigate the multiple-exciton case for point-to-point and broadcast communications following an information theoretical approach and conducting simulations through Monte Carlo approach. We demonstrate that the multi-exciton transmission significantly improves the channel reliability and the range of the communication up to tens of nanometers for immobile nanonodes providing high data transmission rates.

A communication theoretical analysis of FRET-based mobile ad hoc molecular nanonetworks.

Nanonetworks refer to a group of nanosized machines with very basic operational capabilities communicating to each other in order to accomplish more complex tasks such as in-body drug delivery, or chemical defense. Realizing reliable and high-rate communication between these nanomachines is a fundamental problem for the practicality of these nanonetworks. Recently, we have proposed a molecular communication method based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) which is a nonradiative excited state energy transfer phenomenon observed among fluorescent molecules, i.

Comparison between Camberwell Family Interview and Expressed Emotion Scale in Determining Emotions of Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and the Expressed Emotion Scale (EES) in determining the level of expressed emotion in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Method: The study sample included caregivers of 22 schizophrenic patients followed in two psychiatric clinics. The level of expressed emotion in the caregivers was assessed by the CFI and the EES.

Students meeting with caregivers of cancer patient: results of an experience-based learning project.

The communication between medical students and cancer caregivers, and the problems they have experienced as well as the outcomes for their professional development before starting clinical practice was assessed in the context of a student research project. Data were collected by questionnaires or by 20 to 40-min long interviews with cancer caregivers. Their communications with physicians, hearing the bad news, and health service satisfaction were questioned.

Maternal psychological problems associated with neonatal intensive care admission.

Background. Mothers of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are believed to have heightened distress. The purpose of this paper was to determine depression and anxiety symptoms and attachment style in NICU mothers.

Decision pathways and individual motives in informal caregiving during cancer treatment in Turkey.

The impact of informal care to both the patients' and carers' physical and psychological well-being is studied in detail. However, despite the social and clinical impact of this role, decision pathways and individual motives in becoming a caregiver have attracted less attention. The study aims to explore individual and collective decision pathways of becoming an informal caregiver, as well as individual motives and contextual factors that contribute to this role during cancer treatment in Turkey.

The association between individual attachment patterns, the perceived social support, and the psychological well-being of Turkish informal caregivers.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relations among the psychological well-being (i.e. depression and state/trait anxiety levels), attachment patterns (i.

Breastfeeding duration and postpartum psychological adjustment: role of maternal attachment styles.

Aim: Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in new mothers. The aim of this study is to explore the link between postpartum psychological adjustment and feeding preferences of the mothers.

Methods: Sixty mothers and newborns were enrolled in this prospective, longitudinal study.

Early adverse emotional response to childbirth in Turkey: the impact of maternal attachment styles and family support.

Early adverse emotional response which is often detected in the form of depressive symptoms is a predictor of postpartum depression following the birth. The aim of our study is to highlight contextual and individual factors that have an impact on mothers' depressive symptoms during the early postpartum period. One hundred mothers participated in the study.

[Family centered evaluation of treatment outcome in schizophrenia: Marmara Family Interview for the Assesment of Psychiatric Treatment].

Objective: Assessment of psychiatric treatment has been a central issue in psychiatric research. Most assessment tools are based on the patient's account and mainly focus on clinical agendas. Assessment tools, which gather the perspective of attached daily needs are limited.

[Social phobia in essential tremor].

Objectives: This study is aimed to determine the frequency of social phobia among a group of subjects with essential tremor, to compare subject groups with and without social phobia with regard to the level of social phobia and disability, and to study the effect of the severity of social phobia on disability in essential tremor.

Method: 45 subjects, diagnosed with essential tremor were included in the study, and their severity of tremor and essential tremor-related functional impairment were determined. Subjects were evaluated in 2 groups; those with a social phobia diagnosis and those without, as determined with the SCID-I interview.

Geriatric psychiatry consultations in a Turkish university hospital.

Objective: The size of the elderly population is growing rapidly in Turkey. We aimed to characterize geriatric psychiatry consultations to obtain the characteristic pattern of these patients for further interventions.

Method: A retrospective chart review was undertaken for each patient.