Pneumonia Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning for Imbalanced Datasets.

Pneumonia remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. In recent years, deep learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools for automating pneumonia detection from chest X-ray images. This paper provides a comprehensive investigation into the application of deep learning for pneumonia detection, with an emphasis on overcoming the challenges posed by imbalanced datasets.

Altered structural connectome of children with auditory processing disorder: a diffusion MRI study.

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a listening impairment that some school-aged children may experience despite having normal peripheral hearing. Recent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed an alteration in regional functional brain topology in children with APD. However, little is known about the structural organization in APD.

Effects of aging on neural processing during an active listening task.

Factors affecting successful listening in older adults and the corresponding electrophysiological signatures are not well understood. The present study investigated age-related differences in attention and temporal processing, as well as differences in the neural activity related to signal degradation during a number comparison task. Participants listened to digits presented in background babble and were tested at two levels of signal clarity, clear and degraded.

The drug efflux pump MDR1 promotes intrinsic and acquired resistance to PROTACs in cancer cells.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a promising new class of drugs that selectively degrade cellular proteins of interest. PROTACs that target oncogene products are avidly being explored for cancer therapies, and several are currently in clinical trials. Drug resistance is a substantial challenge in clinical oncology, and resistance to PROTACs has been reported in several cancer cell models.

The co-adsorption of thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (THQ) and coumarin present in the aqueous extract of on mild steel and its protection in hydrochloric acid up to 323 K: computational and physicochemical studies.

This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition property of the aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of the medicinal plant . The major components in the extracts are thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (THQ) and coumarin. It is clear from the weight-loss studies that the water extract of the leaves (AYW) is superior to the alcoholic extract (AYA) in terms of offering corrosion inhibition.

Acoustic Analysis of Indian Teachers' Voice: Pre and Post Teaching Circumstances.

Compared to people employed in other occupations, teachers are more likely to report having voice problems. They are more likely to perceive that their voice problems limit their current job performance and also adversely affect their future career options. The current study examines the acoustic parameters that are sensitive to vocal loading in pre and post teaching circumstances and adds to the existing literature.

Neural correlates of perceptual switching while listening to bistable auditory streaming stimuli.

Understanding the neural underpinning of conscious perception remains one of the primary challenges of cognitive neuroscience. Theories based mostly on studies of the visual system differ according to whether the neural activity giving rise to conscious perception occurs in modality-specific sensory cortex or in associative areas, such as the frontal and parietal cortices. Here, we search for modality-specific conscious processing in the auditory cortex using a bistable stream segregation paradigm that presents a constant stimulus without the confounding influence of physical changes to sound properties.

Assessment of the efferent auditory system in children with suspected auditory processing disorder: the Middle ear muscle reflex and contralateral inhibition of OAEs.

Objective: To determine whether children aged 7 to 12 years with listening difficulties show objective evidence for efferent auditory function based on measurements of medial olivo-cochlear and middle ear muscle reflexes.

Design: Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions recorded with and without contralateral broadband noise and ipsilateral and contralateral tonal (1000, 2000 Hz) middle ear muscle reflex thresholds were examined.

Study Sample: 29 children diagnosed with suspected auditory processing disorder (APD) and a control group of 34 typically developing children participated in this study.

Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potential and Behavioral Evidence for Differences in Auditory Processing between Good and Poor Readers.

Background: The relationship between auditory processing (AP) and reading is thought to be significant; however our understanding of this relationship is somewhat limited. Previous studies have investigated the relation between certain electrophysiological and behavioral measures of AP and reading abilities in children. This study attempts to further understand that relation.

Impact of cognition and noise reduction on speech perception in adults with unilateral cochlear implants.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cognition and noise reduction (NR) technology in cochlear implants (CIs) on speech perception and listening effort.

Methods: Thirteen adults fitted with unilateral CIs (Nucleus 6, CP900) participated in this study. Participants performed: (I) cognitive tests of working memory and processing speed, (II) speech perception in noise tests, and (III) an auditory-visual dual-task paradigm to quantify listening effort, as a part of the three-phase experimental study.

Cortical encoding of speech acoustics: Effects of noise and amplification.

Objective: To investigate speech stimuli and background-noise-dependent changes in cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) in unaided and aided conditions, and determine amplification effects on CAEPs.

Design: CAEPs to naturally produced syllables in quiet and in multi-talker babble were recorded, with and without a hearing aid in the right ear. At least 300 artifact-free trials for each participant were required to measure latencies and amplitudes of CAEPs.

Intra-articular nodular fasciitis of the shoulder: a case report and review of the literature.

Nodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation of myofibroblasts usually arising adjacent to the fascia. In this report, we describe a rare case in which nodular fasciitis occurred in an intra-articular location in the shoulder of a 26-year-old man. The mass developed in the subscapularis recess of the shoulder and histological evaluation showed a myofibroblastic proliferation.

Radiologic signs of weapons and munitions: How will noncombatants recognize them?

Objective: The purpose of this work was to show the radiologic signs named after weapons and munitions along with their military counterparts to help radiologists recognize these signs, which will allow confident interpretation and diagnosis.

Conclusion: Numerous pathologic conditions have classic radiologic manifestations that resemble weapons and ammunition. Most of these signs are highly memorable and easy to recognize.

Output sound pressure levels of personal music systems and their effect on hearing.

This study looked at output levels produced by new generation personal music systems (PMS), at the level of eardrum by placing the probe microphone in the ear canal. Further, the effect of these PMS on hearing was evaluated by comparing the distortion product otoacoustic emissions and high frequency pure tone thresholds (from 3 kHz to 12 kHz) of individuals who use PMS to that of age matched controls who did not use PMS. The relationship between output sound pressure levels and hearing measures was also evaluated.