Conventional and spectral- CT for renal cell carcinoma thermal ablation: A case report.

Dual-energy or spectral computed tomography (CT) information may be obtained by either sending X-ray beams of different energy spectra through the patient or by discriminating the energy of the X-rays that reach the detector. The spectral signal is then used to generate multiple results: conventional, virtual monoenergetic (MonoE), effective atomic number, electron density, and other material specific (e.g.

Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy versus Computed Tomography-Guided Transthoracic Biopsy for the Evaluation of Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules.

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Subsolid nodules (SSN), including ground-glass nodules (GGNs) and part-solid nodules (PSNs), are slow-growing but have a higher risk for malignancy. Therefore, timely diagnosis is imperative.

Safety and accuracy of aortic and periaortic CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and accuracy of aortic and periaortic computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy performed at a single center over 12 years.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of cases performed between February 2010 and August 2022 in which the biopsied region was in direct contact with the aorta or great vessels including the pericardium and common iliac arteries. Clinical notes were reviewed for any early or delayed complications following the procedure, which if present were graded using the National Institute of Health's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.

Emerging Indications for Interventional Oncology: Expert Discussion on New Locoregional Treatments.

Interventional oncology (IO) employs image-guided techniques to perform minimally invasive procedures, providing lower-risk alternatives to many traditional medical and surgical therapies for cancer patients. Since its advent, due to rapidly evolving research development, its role has expanded to encompass the diagnosis and treatment of diseases across multiple body systems. In detail, interventional oncology is expanding its role across a wide spectrum of disease sites, offering a potential cure, control, or palliative care for many types of cancer patients.

PSMA as a Theranostic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immunohistochemistry and Ga-PSMA-11 PET Using Cyclotron-Produced Ga.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for molecular diagnostics and targeted radionuclide therapy. Our purpose was to evaluate PSMA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and hepatic adenoma (HCA); investigate the genetic pathways in HCC associated with PSMA expression; and evaluate HCC detection rate with Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET). In phase 1, PSMA immunohistochemistry (IHC) on HCC (n = 148), CCA (n = 111), and HCA (n = 78) was scored.

Musculoskeletal Oncologic Interventions: Proceedings from the Society of Interventional Radiology and Society of Interventional Oncology Research Consensus Panel.

Musculoskeletal interventions are increasingly used with palliative and curative intent in the multidisciplinary treatment of oncology patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors. There is an unmet need for high-quality evidence to guide broader application and adoption of minimally invasive interventional technologies to treat these patients. Therefore, the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation and the Society of Interventional Oncology collaborated to convene a research consensus panel to prioritize a research agenda addressing the gaps in the current evidence.

Initial testing of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta Onpro) on-body injector in multiple radiological imaging environments.

Purpose: An increasing number of implantable or external devices can impact whether patients can receive radiological imaging examinations. This study examines and tests the Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) Onpro on-body injector in multiple imaging environments.

Methods: The injector was analyzed for four imaging modalities with testing protocols and strategies developed for each modality.

Trends in Musculoskeletal Ablation: Emerging Indications and Techniques.

Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation plays an increasingly important role in the multidisciplinary management of musculoskeletal lesions. Established indications for ablation in this setting include the treatment of osteoid osteomas, palliation of painful skeletal metastases, local control of oligometastatic disease, and consolidation of bone tumors at risk for fracture. Emerging indications include the treatment of symptomatic soft tissue masses such as extra-abdominal desmoid tumors and abdominal wall endometriosis.

Safety and Efficacy of Retrograde Pyeloperfusion for Ureteral Protection during Renal Tumor Cryoablation.

Purpose: To determine safety and efficacy of retrograde pyeloperfusion for ureteral protection during cryoablation of adjacent renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of 155 patients treated with renal cryoablation, including adjunctive retrograde pyeloperfusion, from 2005 to 2019 was performed. Ice contacted the ureter in 67 of the 155 patients who represented the study cohort.

Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Image-guided Cryoablation of Completely Endophytic Renal Masses.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and oncologic control of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation in the treatment of completely endophytic renal masses. Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for small renal masses. Image-guided cryoablation is an attractive treatment for completely endophytic tumors given the challenge in visualization of such lesions during surgical extirpation.

Dual-Energy CT Monitoring of Cryoablation Zone Growth in the Spinal Column and Bony Pelvis: A Laboratory Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) virtual noncalcium imaging (VNCa) to visualize ice ball growth during skeletal cryoablation procedures in the spine and bony pelvis.

Materials And Methods: Cryoablation was performed in the spine and bony pelvis of swine and human cadavers at 5 and 6 locations, respectively. CT scans were acquired every 2 minutes using a dual-source dual-energy scanner.

Percutaneous ureteral biopsy: safety and diagnostic yield.

Purpose: To evaluate safety and diagnostic yield of percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of extrarenal upper urinary tract lesions.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of our institutional database of image-guided biopsies yielded 44 CT-guided percutaneous biopsies in 44 unique patients that targeted ureteral (30, 68%) or other non-renal upper urinary tract lesions (14, 32%) between January 1, 2000 and May 1, 2017. Indications, pre-biopsy imaging, biopsy technique, peri-procedural antithrombotic use, complications including bleeding defined by Society of Interventional Radiology criteria, pathology results, and subsequent imaging were reviewed up to 3 months after the procedure to evaluate safety and diagnostic yield.

Development of a robust MRI fiducial system for automated fusion of MR-US abdominal images.

We present the development of a two-component magnetic resonance (MR) fiducial system, that is, a fiducial marker device combined with an auto-segmentation algorithm, designed to be paired with existing ultrasound probe tracking and image fusion technology to automatically fuse MR and ultrasound (US) images. The fiducial device consisted of four ~6.4 mL cylindrical wells filled with 1 g/L copper sulfate solution.

Low kV versus dual-energy virtual monoenergetic CT imaging for proven liver lesions: what are the advantages and trade-offs in conspicuity and image quality? A pilot study.

Purpose: Single-energy low tube potential (SE-LTP) and dual-energy virtual monoenergetic (DE-VM) CT images both increase the conspicuity of hepatic lesions by increasing iodine signal. Our purpose was to compare the conspicuity of proven liver lesions, artifacts, and radiologist preferences in dose-matched SE-LTP and DE-VM images.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with 72 proven liver lesions (21 benign, 51 malignant) underwent full-dose contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT (DECT).

Image-Guided Thermal Ablative Therapies in the Treatment of Sarcoma.

Percutaneous thermal ablation, including microwave ablation (MWA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cryoablation, is a well-established focal treatment option for primary and metastatic malignancies. While published literature specific to ablation of sarcomas is relatively lacking compared with non-sarcomatous malignancies, what is available is promising. In situations where a focal treatment option is desired, strong consideration should be given to percutaneous thermal ablation, in addition to surgery and radiation therapy.

Comprehensive assessment of renal tumour complexity in a large percutaneous cryoablation cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the association between renal tumour complexity and outcomes in a large cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation (PCA).

Patients And Methods: Patients with renal tumours treated with PCA were identified using our prospectively maintained ablation registry (2003-2015). Salvage procedures and inherited tumour syndromes were excluded.

Increasing Role of Image-Guided Ablation in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors.

In the last decade, percutaneous treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors has become more established in routine clinical care while also undergoing a number of advancements. Ablative techniques to palliate painful skeletal metastases have gained wide acceptance, while goals for ablation have evolved to include local control of oligometastases and desmoid tumors. Bone consolidation or augmentation is now frequently used in conjunction with or instead of ablation of skeletal tumors to stabilize pathologic fractures or prevent further morbidity that could result from fractures caused by tumor progression.

Myxoid hepatocellular neoplasms: imaging appearance of a unique mucinous tumor variant.

Purpose: To describe the imaging appearance of myxoid hepatocellular neoplasms (MHNs), including adenomas and carcinomas, a recently described pathologically unique tumor variant.

Materials And Methods: Single-institution review of pathologically proven MHNs revealed 4 patients with imaging prior to resection. All available cross-sectional imaging was then retrospectively reviewed in consensus using specified descriptive characteristics previously published for hepatocellular adenoma subtypes.

Percutaneous Cryoablation of Extraabdominal Desmoid Tumors: A 10-Year Experience.

Objective: Extraabdominal desmoid (EAD) tumors pose a therapeutic challenge because they often recur locally and behave aggressively. Accepted management options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and observation. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of EAD tumors.

Percutaneous cryoablation of stage T1b renal cell carcinoma: technique considerations, safety, and local tumor control.

Purpose: To describe the technical methods, safety, and local tumor control rate associated with percutaneous cryoablation of stage T1b renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of a percutaneous renal ablation registry was used to identify 46 patients with a total of 46 biopsy-proven RCC lesions measuring 4.1-7.

Cryoablation of sternal metastases for pain palliation and local tumor control.

Purpose: To determine safety and effectiveness of cryoablation of sternal metastases for pain palliation and local tumor control.

Materials And Methods: A tumor ablation database was retrospectively reviewed for sternal cryoablation procedures performed between January 2005 and June 2013, which yielded 15 procedures to treat 12 sternal metastases in 12 patients (five men). Median patient age was 57 years (range, 38-80 y).

Motor evoked potential monitoring during cryoablation of musculoskeletal tumors.

Purpose: To describe the use of intraprocedural motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring to minimize risk of neural injury during percutaneous cryoablation of perineural musculoskeletal tumors.

Materials And Methods: A single-institution retrospective review of cryoablation procedures performed to treat perineural musculoskeletal tumors with the use of MEP monitoring between May 2011 and March 2013 yielded 59 procedures to treat 64 tumors in 52 patients (26 male). Median age was 61 years (range, 4-82 y).

Feasibility and oncologic control after percutaneous image guided ablation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: We assessed the safety, local control and oncologic efficacy of percutaneous ablation in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 61 patients who underwent 74 ablation procedures to treat 82 metastatic renal cell carcinoma lesions with the intent of local eradication. Technical success, local tumor control, complications and patient survival were analyzed according to standard criteria.

Ablation of musculoskeletal metastases: pain palliation, fracture risk reduction, and oligometastatic disease.

Thermal ablation is an effective, minimally invasive alternative to conventional therapies in the palliation of painful musculoskeletal metastases and an emerging approach to obtain local tumor control in the setting of limited metastatic disease. Various thermal ablation technologies have been applied to bone and soft tissue tumors and may be used in combination with percutaneous cement instillation for skeletal lesions with or at risk for pathologic fracture. This article reviews current practices of percutaneous ablation of musculoskeletal metastases with an emphasis on radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation of painful skeletal metastases.