Effect of fine bubbles for washing of monolith type porous ceramic membranes treating oil-in-water emulsions.

Produced water generated in the recovery of crude oil contains oil and high concentrations of salts, organic matter, and suspended solids and must therefore be treated appropriately prior to disposal. Monolithic ceramic membranes have high oil removal rates and have the advantage of being compact, having a long life, and withstanding chemicals, heat, and high cleaning pressures. Membrane fouling, however, is a significant drawback to membrane filtration.

Reduction of ozone dosage by using ozone in ultrafine bubbles to reduce sludge volume.

Sludge ozonation, which promotes sludge disintegration and solubilization, is a promising technology for reducing waste sludge volume from biological wastewater treatment process. However, if this technology is to be widely adopted, reducing the energy consumption associated with ozone generation will be necessary. We used ultra-fine bubbles (UFBs) as ozone carriers to determine if their use could improve the efficiency of ozone treatment and reduce the ozone dose required.

A quantitative analysis method to determine the amount of cellulose fibre in waste sludge.

A novel quantitative analysis method for cellulose fibre was developed to understand its behaviour in biological wastewater treatment and waste sludge processes. The method developed in this study was designed using to remove it by dissolving all the organic components except cellulose from the sludge due to needing the solubilisation of bacteria occupied almost of sludge matrix and quantifying the amount of remaining cellulose. The results of this study indicated that a combined treatment process that employed 2,000 U/L protease, 2 M hydrogen peroxide, and 2 mM potassium hydroxide after pre-treatment for floc dispersion with an ultrasonic treatment at 26 W for 1 min resulted in a solubilisation of 96% of without losing the cellulose fibre.

Changes in bacterial community structure in a full-scale membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment.

This study investigated changes in the structure and metabolic capabilities of the bacterial community in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater. Microbial monitoring was also conducted for a parallel-running conventional activated sludge (CAS) process treating the same influent. The mixed-liquor suspended solid concentration in the MBR reached a steady-state on day 73 after the start-up.

Bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant employing conventional activated sludge process.

To elucidate the bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the relatedness among bacterial communities in the influent, effluent and sludge, the structure and metabolic ability of the bacterial community throughout a full-scale WWTP employing a conventional activated sludge process was investigated during a period of 10 months. The bacterial community structure was analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting eubacterial 16S rRNA genes, while a Biolog assay was applied to assess the metabolic ability of the activated sludge. Influent bacterial community structure was generally stable.

Plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation of sequencing batch reactors for enhancement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid removal in wastewater using plasmid pJP4.

Plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation was demonstrated using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for enhancing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal by introducing Cupriavidus necator JMP134 and Escherichia coli HB101 harboring 2,4-D-degrading plasmid pJP4. C. necator JMP134(pJP4) can mineralize and grow on 2,4-D, while E.