White adipose tissue remodeling in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal wildlife disease of bats that has caused precipitous declines in certain Nearctic bat species. A key driver of mortality is premature exhaustion of fat reserves, primarily white adipose tissue (WAT), that bats rely on to meet their metabolic needs during winter. However, the pathophysiological and metabolic effects of WNS have remained ill-defined.

Survival of hibernating little brown bats that are unaffected by white-nose syndrome: Using thermal cameras to understand arousal behavior.

White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that has decimated hibernating bats from multiple North American species. In 2014, the invasive fungus arrived at a hibernaculum of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) inside the spillway of Tippy Dam, located near Wellston, Michigan, USA, yet surprisingly, this population has not experienced the declines seen elsewhere. Unlike a typical subterranean hibernaculum, light enters the spillway through small ventilation holes.

Development of a core outcome set for basal cell carcinoma.

Background: There is variation in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of basal cell carcinoma. This can prevent effective meta-analyses from answering important clinical questions.

Objective: To identify a recommended minimum set of core outcomes for basal cell carcinoma clinical trials.

Development of a core outcome set for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma trials: identification of core domains and outcomes.

Background: The lack of uniformity in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) complicates efforts to compare treatment effectiveness across trials.

Objectives: To develop a core outcome set (COS), a minimum set of agreed-upon outcomes to be measured in all clinical trials of a given disease or outcome, for the treatment of cSCC.

Methods: One hundred and nine outcomes were identified via a systematic literature review and interviews with 28 stakeholders.

Genome-Wide Changes in Genetic Diversity in a Population of Affected by White-Nose Syndrome.

Novel pathogens can cause massive declines in populations, and even extirpation of hosts. But disease can also act as a selective pressure on survivors, driving the evolution of resistance or tolerance. Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) is a rapidly spreading wildlife disease in North America.

Efficacy, rate of tumor response, and safety of a short course (12-24 weeks) of oral vismodegib in various histologic subtypes (infiltrative, nodular, and superficial) of high-risk or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, in an open-label, prospective case series clinical trial.

Background: Vismodegib demonstrated 60% response rates in the ERIVANCE trial. Basal cell carcinoma has various histopathologies. Their effect on response is unclear.

Publisher Correction: Cryptic connections illuminate pathogen transmission within community networks.

In Fig. 3d this Letter, the R value should have been '0.19' instead of '0.

Cryptic connections illuminate pathogen transmission within community networks.

Understanding host interactions that lead to pathogen transmission is fundamental to the prediction and control of epidemics. Although the majority of transmissions often occurs within social groups, the contribution of connections that bridge groups and species to pathogen dynamics is poorly understood. These cryptic connections-which are often indirect or infrequent-provide transmission routes between otherwise disconnected individuals and may have a key role in large-scale outbreaks that span multiple populations or species.

Do Patterns of Reconstruction Choices After Mohs Surgery Vary by Specialty? A Pilot Study of Mohs Surgeons and Facial Plastic Surgeons.

Background: Differences in approach to repair a specified defect after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) between specialties have not been previously examined.

Objective: To assess the difference in frequency of which reconstruction repairs are selected after MMS, among Mohs surgeons and facial plastic surgeons (FPS), and evaluate whether the level of satisfaction with the final repair outcome differed between specialties.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the Saint Louis University Institutional Review Board.

BATS RECOVERING FROM WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME ELEVATE METABOLIC RATE DURING WING HEALING IN SPRING.

Host responses to infection with novel pathogens are costly and require trade-offs among physiologic systems. One such pathogen is the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS) and has led to mass mortality of hibernating bats in eastern North America. Although infection with Pd does not always result in death, we hypothesized that bats that survive infection suffer significant consequences that negatively impact the ability of females to reproduce.

Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in basal cell carcinoma: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer worldwide. Treatment options include both surgical and topical modalities. Although risk of metastasis is low, basal cell carcinoma can be invasive and infiltrate important underlying structures such as bone or cartilage.

Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in facial aging: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey.

Background: Facial aging is a concern for many patients. Wrinkles, loss of volume, and discoloration are common physical manifestations of aging skin. Genetic heritage, prior ultraviolet light exposure, and Fitzpatrick skin type may be associated with the rate and type of facial aging.

Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in squamous cell carcinoma: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer that poses a risk of metastasis. Clinical investigations into SCC treatment are common, but the outcomes reported are highly variable, omitted, or clinically irrelevant. The outcome heterogeneity and reporting bias of these studies leave clinicians unable to accurately compare studies.

Energy conserving thermoregulatory patterns and lower disease severity in a bat resistant to the impacts of white-nose syndrome.

The devastating bat fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS), does not appear to affect all species equally. To experimentally determine susceptibility differences between species, we exposed hibernating naïve little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to the fungus that causes WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). After hibernating under identical conditions, Pd lesions were significantly more prevalent and more severe in little brown myotis.

Immune responses in hibernating little brown myotis () with white-nose syndrome.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease responsible for decimating many bat populations in North America. (), the psychrophilic fungus responsible for WNS, prospers in the winter habitat of many hibernating bat species. The immune response that elicits in bats is not yet fully understood; antibodies are produced in response to infection by , but they may not be protective and indeed may be harmful.

Molecular Detection of Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis in North American Bats.

Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis was detected in 2010 from an aortic valve sample of a patient with endocarditis from Iowa, the United States of America. The environmental source of the potentially new endocarditis-causing Bartonella remained elusive. We set out to study the prevalence and diversity of bat-associated Bartonella in North America.

Emerging Nonsurgical Treatments for Hyperhidrosis.

A variety of available treatment options are available for primary focal hyperhidrosis, and some can be combined to obtain maximum effective results. Most treatment options have only been studied in patients with axillary hyperhidrosis, and more studies are needed to develop therapies for other body regions. Several clinical trials are underway with promising preliminary results; however, there is still a large need for new therapies.

Periorbital Rejuvenation: Overview of Nonsurgical Treatment Options.

Numerous nonsurgical options for periorbital rejuvenation are available and can be used alone or as adjuncts to other nonsurgical and surgical options. Topicals, chemical peels, laser resurfacing, and dermabrasion therapy, along with neuromodulators and fillers, can be used to enhance the appearance of the periorbital region.

Host, pathogen, and environmental characteristics predict white-nose syndrome mortality in captive little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus).

An estimated 5.7 million or more bats died in North America between 2006 and 2012 due to infection with the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS) during hibernation. The behavioral and physiological changes associated with hibernation leave bats vulnerable to WNS, but the persistence of bats within the contaminated regions of North America suggests that survival might vary predictably among individuals or in relation to environmental conditions.

Frequent arousal from hibernation linked to severity of infection and mortality in bats with white-nose syndrome.

White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging infectious disease that has killed over 5.5 million hibernating bats, is named for the causative agent, a white fungus (Geomyces destructans (Gd)) that invades the skin of torpid bats. During hibernation, arousals to warm (euthermic) body temperatures are normal but deplete fat stores.