An integrative mating system assessment of a nonmodel, economically important Pacific rockfish () reveals nonterritorial polygamy and conservation implications for a large species flock.

Characterizing the mating systems of long-lived, economically important Pacific rockfishes comprising the viviparous species flock is crucial for their conservation. However, direct assignment of mating success to sires is precluded by open, offshore populations and high female fecundity. We addressed this challenge by integrating paternity-assigned mating success of females with the adult sex ratio (ASR) of the population, male evolutionary responses to receptive females, and reproductive life history traits-in the framework of sexual selection theory-to assess the mating system of .