Cancer predisposing syndromes in childhood and adolescence pose several challenges necessitating interdisciplinary care in dedicated programs.

Introduction: Genetic disposition is a major etiologic factor in childhood cancer. More than 100 cancer predisposing syndromes (CPS) are known. Surveillance protocols seek to mitigate morbidity and mortality.

Use of CEUS for Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess.

Purpose: Peritonsillar abscess can be diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging. The latter (with MRI being the modality of first choice in children) is associated with higher effort and risk for pediatric patients due to the administration of X-rays and/or the need of sedation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the introduction of CEUS into the diagnostic algorithm for suspected pediatric peritonsillar abscess is suitable and advantageous.

Endocavitary Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.

Background: Ultrasound is one of the most important imaging methods in the daily routine. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has put ultrasound on equal footing with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in many areas. Although ultrasound contrast agents are commonly administered intravenously, endocavitary application as performed in the case of iodine-containing contrast agents is also possible.

Heterozygous NOTCH1 Variants Cause CNS Immune Activation and Microangiopathy.

NOTCH1 belongs to the NOTCH family of proteins that regulate cell fate and inflammatory responses. Somatic and germline NOTCH1 variants have been implicated in cancer, Adams-Oliver syndrome, and cardiovascular defects. We describe 7 unrelated patients grouped by the presence of leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and heterozygous de novo gain-of-function variants in NOTCH1.

The need for tumor surveillance of children and adolescents with cancer predisposition syndromes: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary-care children's hospital.

Unlabelled: Expert recommendations for the management of tumor surveillance in children with a variety of cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are available. We aimed (1) at identifying and characterizing children who are affected by a CPS and (2) at comparing current practice and consensus recommendations of the American Association for Cancer Research workshop in 2016. We performed a database search in the hospital information system of the University Children's Hospital for CPS in children, adolescents, and young adults and complemented this by review of electronic patients' charts.

Imaging pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are extremely rare in children. Imaging plays a key role in staging and monitoring therapy (surgical and with tyrosine kinase inhibitors). The vast majority of articles addressing imaging of GIST base on adults and are based on CT.

Invasive aspergillosis osteomyelitis in children--a case report and review of the literature.

Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of secondary infection associated with high morbidity. In children these complications include fungal osteomyelitis due to continuous infiltration or hematogenous spread. The case of a 4-year-old boy is presented who developed lumbalgia and thigh pain during ongoing chemotherapy for acute lymphatic leukemia.

Percutaneous treatment of a ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm in a child.

Splanchnic artery aneurysms are very rare in children. We report a 10-year-old girl with a large atraumatic ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm that was considered inoperable. She was ultimately treated with two percutaneous US-guided thrombin injections, which led to complete occlusion of the aneurysm.