Predictors of radiation necrosis in long-term survivors after Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases.

Background: The long-term risk of necrosis after radiosurgery for brain metastases is uncertain. We aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of radiation necrosis for individuals with more than 1 year of survival after radiosurgery for brain metastases.

Methods: Patients who had a diagnosis of brain metastases treated between December 2006 and December 2014, who had at least 1 year of survival after first radiosurgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Tumor volume as a predictor of survival and local control in patients with brain metastases treated with Gamma Knife surgery.

Object: The aim of this study was to examine tumor volume as a prognostic factor for patients with brain metastases treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).

Methods: Two hundred fifty patients with 1-14 brain metastases who had initially undergone GKS alone at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received upfront whole brain radiation therapy were excluded.

Prenatal cocaine exposure abolished ischemic preconditioning-induced protection in adult male rat hearts: role of PKCepsilon.

Prenatal cocaine exposure in rats resulted in decreased PKCepsilon protein expression in the heart of adult male but not female offspring. The present study determined its functional consequence of inhibiting cardioprotection mediated by ischemic preconditioning. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered intraperitoneally saline or cocaine (30 mg.

Short- and long-term adverse effects of cocaine abuse during pregnancy on the heart development.

The effect of cocaine on the developing fetus is a topic of considerable interest and debate. One of the potential effects of fetal cocaine exposure is damage to the developing heart. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the short- and long-term effects of fetal cocaine exposure on the heart in both humans and animal models.

Fetal exposure to cocaine causes programming of Prkce gene repression in the left ventricle of adult rat offspring.

Previous studies demonstrated that maternal cocaine administration caused a significant decrease in protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE) abundance in the left ventricle and an increase in susceptibility of the heart to ischemic injury in adult male offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that epigenetic modification has a key role in cocaine-mediated programming of cardiac Prkce gene repression. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered saline or cocaine (30 mg/kg/day i.