Outcomes of rectal cancer patients who refuse surgery after incomplete clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy.

Background And Objectives: Total mesorectal excision (TME) remains the standard of care for patients with rectal cancer who have an incomplete response to total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). A minority of patients will refuse curative intent resection. The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes for these patients.

Severe Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Checkpoint Inhibitors in an Adolescent With Lynch Syndrome.

Lynch syndrome is a hereditary colorectal cancer caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Immune checkpoint therapies have shown promise in treating Lynch syndrome-associated cancers but can lead to immune-related adverse events, such as colitis. In this report, we present a severe case of immune-mediated colitis (IMC) induced by checkpoint inhibitors in a young patient with Lynch syndrome.

First-In-Human Pilot PET Immunoimaging Study of Cu-Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (hT84.66-M5A) in Patients with Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Producing Cancers.

PET imaging using radiolabeled immunoconstructs shows promise in cancer detection and in assessing tumor response to therapies. The authors report the first-in-human pilot study evaluating M5A, a humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (mAb), radiolabeled with Cu in patients with CEA-expressing malignancies. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the preferred patient population for further evaluation of this agent in an expanded trial.

Separation of color channels from conventional colonoscopy images improves deep neural network detection of polyps.

Significance: Colorectal cancer incidence has decreased largely due to detection and removal of polyps. Computer-aided diagnosis development may improve on polyp detection and discrimination.

Aim: To advance detection and discrimination using currently available commercial colonoscopy systems, we developed a deep neural network (DNN) separating the color channels from images acquired under narrow-band imaging (NBI) and white-light endoscopy (WLE).

Role of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer.

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Surgical resection for rectal cancer usually requires a proctectomy with respective lymphadenectomy (total mesorectal excision). This has traditionally been performed transabdominally through an open incision.

Health-related quality of life and oncologic outcomes after surgery in older adults with colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Data regarding changes in functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and after surgery are lacking. We identified colorectal cancer patients from the SEER-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) linked database to evaluate the association between HRQOL and survival.

Methods: HRQOL survey data captured physical/mental health, activities of daily living (ADLs), and medical comorbidities.

Surgical Smoke Exposure in Operating Room Personnel: A Review.

Importance: Smoke generated during surgical procedures has long been thought to be hazardous to hospital personnel; however, the degree of danger has yet to be determined.

Observations: The dangers of surgical smoke are associated with the composition of the plume. Small-particulate matter is found in the smoke that is easily inhaled.

Robotic surgery trends in general surgical oncology from the National Inpatient Sample.

Background: Robotic surgery is offered at most major medical institutions. The extent of its use within general surgical oncology, however, is poorly understood. We hypothesized that robotic surgery adoption in surgical oncology is increasing annually, that is occurring in all surgical sites, and all regions of the US.

Ductal carcinoma in situ: size and resection volume predict margin status.

Objectives: There is strong evidence that breast conservation surgery (BCS) with negative margins for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is associated with low rates of recurrence. Our goal was to identify factors associated with positive margins in BCS for DCIS.

Methods: A retrospective database review identified 823 patients diagnosed with DCIS.

Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas secreted exotoxins requires OxyR expression.

Background: Nosocomial infections often lead to sepsis and multisystem organ failure in critically injured patients, including burn and trauma patients. A better understanding of the bacterial response to the host immune system is essential to develop better antimicrobials against pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa combats host-initiated oxidant stress through expression of the transactivating factor, OxyR.

New perspectives for a new century: implications of pathogen responses for the future of antimicrobial therapy.

Although the discovery of new classes of antibiotics has lagged behind in the last three decades, the incidence of life-threatening nosocomial infections that are resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has increased steadily. Recent advances in bacterial pathogenicity through the identification of a number of virulence factors and the bacterial genetics behind it have opened the way to a clearer understanding of the pathogen-host relationship. Bacteria communicate with each other through specific signaling chemicals to act as a community rather than individual cells to achieve a critical density or a "quorum.