Development of Phosphinate Ligand-Based Low-Affinity Ca Fluorescent Probes and Application to Intracellular Ca Imaging.

Divalent metal cations such as calcium ion (Ca) and magnesium ion (Mg) are indispensable to the regulation of various cellular activities. In this research, we developed the KLCA series utilizing -aminophenol--diacetate--methylene-methylphosphinate (APDAP) as a target binding site, which was reported recently as a highly free Mg-selective ligand. with orange fluorescence based on a rhodamine fluorophore and with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence based on a Si-rhodamine fluorophore were synthesized, intended for application to multicolor imaging.

Li-Ion Conductivity and Phase Stability of Ca-Doped LiBH under High Pressure.

The effect of Ca doping on the Li-ion conductivity and phase stability of the rock-salt-type LiBH phase emerging under high pressures in the range of gigapascals has been investigated. In situ electrochemical measurements under high pressure were performed using a cubic-anvil-type apparatus. Ca doping drastically enhanced the ionic conductivity of the rock-salt-type phase: the ionic conductivity of undoped and 5 mol %Ca-doped LiBH was 2.

Factors associated with proximal carotid axis occlusion in patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation.

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are more likely to exhibit proximal carotid axis occlusion than those without AF. However, clinical characteristics associated with proximal arterial occlusion (PAO) in acute stroke patients with AF are not fully known. This study was aimed to elucidate the factors correlated with PAO.

Microsurgical findings of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), a nonspecific chronic inflammation of the cavernous sinus, is a rarely needed surgical manipulation, even for diagnosis, because corticosteroid therapy is markedly effective against this condition.

Methods: A 59-year-old man presented with left trigeminal neuralgia and right abducens nerve palsy 2 months after the improvement of right oculomotor nerve palsy by corticosteroid therapy. Radiological examinations showed a mass lesion in the left cavernous sinus.

Invasion of carcinoma cells into reconstituted type I collagen gels: visual real-time analysis by time-lapse microscopy.

Stromal-epithelial interactions play a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis and invasion. To obtain detailed information on cancer cell behaviors on the stroma and kinetics of cell migration, which cannot be observed by conventionally-used Boyden chamber assays, this study was aimed at analyzing the cell invasion process in vitro using time-lapse microscopic observation. Serum-free conditions and reconstituted type I collagen gels which provided a basal membrane-stroma-like microenvironment were used to first establish a basal condition.

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes.

T-1095A and T-1095 are synthetic agents derived from phlorizin, a specific inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Unlike phlorizin, T-1095 is absorbed into the circulation via oral administration, is metabolized to the active form, T-1095A, and suppresses the activity of SGLTs in the kidney. Orally administered T-1095 increases urinary glucose excretion in diabetic animals, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels.

Role of renal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in hepatic utilization of exogenous glutathione.

The importance of renal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the hepatic utilization of exogenous glutathione (GSH) was evaluated by injecting GSH (1.67 mmol/kg body wt) i.v.

Bile flow in a mutant Sprague-Dawley rat with defective biliary excretion of glutathione.

The Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat is a mutant strain of Sprague-Dawley origin with hereditary defects in the biliary excretion of bilirubin glucuronide, glutathione, and several other organic anions. The correlation between bile flow and bile acid excretion rates during taurocholate infusion revealed that bile acid-independent flow was smaller in the mutant than in intact Sprague-Dawley rats (19.3 vs 56.

Biliary excretion of cholephilic organic dyes in glutathione-depleted rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a combination of buthionine sulfoximine (2.5 mmol/kg body wt) and diethyl maleate (6.2 mmol/kg).

[Relationship between biliary excretion of conjugated sulfobromophthalein and glutathione disulfide in rats].

Relationship between biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein conjugated with glutathione (BSP-GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. BSP-GSH solution was infused intravenously at three different rates. After administration of a glutathione-oxidizing agent, diamide, biliary excretion of GSSG increased temporarily and that of BSP-GSH decreased during the same period.

Relationship between biliary excretion of bilirubin and glutathione disulfide.

The effects of two glutathione-oxidizing agents, t-butyl hydroperoxide and diamide, on biliary excretion of bilirubin and glutathione disulfide were investigated in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bilirubin (unconjugated) was infused at a constant rate of 100 nmol/kg/min through the jugular vein. When biliary excretion of bilirubin was stabilized, either of the glutathione-oxidizing agents was administered via the mesenteric vein.

Effects of glutathione isopropyl ester on bile flow in glutathione-depleted rats.

Combined administration of buthionine sulfoximine (2.5 mmol/kg, i.p.

The relationship between biliary secretion of bilirubin and glutathione in the rat.

The relationship between biliary secretion of bilirubin and glutathione was investigated by infusing bilirubin solution (200 nmol/min/100 g body wt) into Sprague-Dawley rats and measuring bilirubin and glutathione in the bile. Hepatic glutathione level, when modified between the range of 1-10 mumols/g liver wt, did not affect biliary maximal secretory rate (Tm) of bilirubin (80 nmol/min/100 g body wt). However, when biliary secretion of bilirubin exceeded 10 mM or 30 nmol/min/100 g body wt, biliary secretion of glutathione was markedly impaired while the bile flow remained relatively constant.

Inhibition of biliary excretion of indocyanine green by the thiol-oxidizing agent, diazenedicarboxylic acid bis[N,N'-dimethylamide].

Biliary excretion of Indocyanine green (ICG) in Sprague-Dawley rats during constant intravenous infusion of the dye in vivo was inhibited by intraperitoneally administered diazenedicarboxylic acid bis[N,N'-dimethylamide] (diamide, 0.5 mmol/kg body wt), a glutathione-specific thiol-oxidizing agent. Significant inhibition of ICG excretion was observed also when ICG was injected rapidly 90 min after diamide administration.

A case of gallbladder carcinoma producing both alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

A 73-year-old woman with gallbladder carcinoma infiltrating to the liver presenting high serum values of AFP and CEA was reported. Serum values of AFP and CEA were remarkably high (165,000 ng/ml and 1,070 ng/ml). Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were stained for AFP and CEA by the PAP method.

A clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization on hepatocellular carcinoma.

TAE was performed in 49 cases of HCC for clinical assessment of the usefulness. This procedure was aimed to subside intraperitoneal hemorrhage in 8 cases among them and to provide a possible antitumor effect in the remaining 41 cases. The prognosis in the 8 cases of intraperitoneal hemorrhage was 54.