Oncofertility and Pregnancy in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers: Physicians' Knowledge and Preferences in India.

Purpose: The treatment outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers have improved with advanced oncology care. Hence, fertility preservation (FP) and post-therapy pregnancies (PTPs) become vital issues.

Materials And Methods: An online survey link with 17 questions regarding oncofertility and PTPs was circulated among oncologists to assess the knowledge, understand the oncofertility care patterns, and seek suggestions to improve oncofertility services.

Current Challenges of Asian National Children's Cancer Study Groups on Behalf of Asian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group.

In Asia, a few countries have a long and established history of collaborative clinical trials successfully formed national children's cancer study groups, but many still do not have such groups. The process of forming national children's cancer groups is fraught with many hurdles, which varies among the countries. One of the basic requirements for running clinical trials is an affordable health care system in which most of the children with cancer can receive the proposed treatment.

A Perplexing Case of a Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are associated with pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome. Swyer syndrome usually presents with primary amenorrhea, streak ovaries, and mixed GCT. However, our patient presented with secondary amenorrhea, normal female external genitalia, and a mixed GCT.

Long-Term Outcomes in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A 30-Year Experience From India.

Purpose: Despite an increasing number of survivors of childhood cancer (CCS) in low- and middle-income countries, survivorship care is in its nascent stages. We describe the spectrum of late effects seen, challenges faced, and lessons learnt over three decades of a late effects program in India.

Methods: We describe the demographics and profile of late effects of all CCS survivors enrolled in our After Completion of Treatment Clinic from February 5, 1991 (inception) to February 4, 2021.

Radiation Therapy Dose Escalation in Unresectable Ewing Sarcoma: Final Results of a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Our aim was to assess the effect of radiation therapy (RT) dose escalation on outcomes in surgically unresectable Ewing sarcoma (ES)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).

Methods And Materials: Patients with nonmetastatic unresectable ES/PNET (excluding intracranial/chest wall) receiving vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide chemotherapy, planned for definitive RT, were accrued in this single-institution, open-label, phase 3 randomized controlled trial. Randomization was between standard dose RT (SDRT; 55.

Outcomes and prognostic variables of extracranial germ cell tumors in children and adolescents treated over a decade: A developing world perspective.

Background: The purpose of this single-center study was to analyze the outcomes of extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) in children treated on a multimodality regimen.

Methods: Retrospective study of children (<18 years) with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of extracranial GCT over a period of 10 years (January 2009 to December 2018) treated on a uniform institution-based protocol consisting of both cisplatin- and carboplatin-based regimens. All completely excised teratomas and stage I gonadal tumors received no further therapy (low risk [LR]); stage IV ovarian, stage III-IV extragonadal GCTs received six cycles of chemotherapy (high risk [HR]), and the remaining received four cycles of chemotherapy (intermediate risk [IR]).

ISNO Position Statement on Treatment Guidance in Neuro-oncology During Pandemics.

The entire world including India is currently fighting the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic that threatens to disrupt healthcare systems globally in terms of capacity and resources. This outbreak necessitates an urgent review of existing management guidelines for commonly encountered tumors of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). Such a review should include a reassessment of benefit-risk ratio to align with local, national, and international priorities without compromising on delivery of care in terms of safety, compassion, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Childhood cancer survivorship and late effects: The landscape in India in 2020.

Survivorship care is a major area of focus in the holistic management of childhood cancer with current knowledge and information almost exclusively from high-income countries. In this review, we summarize the state of scientific knowledge, service delivery, advocacy initiatives, and research efforts in this field in India. Twenty-one single-center studies published until today (20 in the last decade) confirm some of the well-documented issues in childhood cancer survivors and highlight the high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in our survivors.

Customized approach for upfront or delayed resection using radiological criteria in unilateral, nonmetastatic pediatric renal tumors: A prospective study.

Background: The availability of robust, equivalent data regarding outcomes for upfront or delayed surgery for renal tumors in children leads to a dilemma in selecting the initial treatment. Imaging criteria associated with the probability of rupture or incomplete resection may provide a more objective assessment for customization for the timing of surgery.

Procedure: Eighty-three children with unilateral, nonmetastatic renal tumors were enrolled between January 2012 and April 2018.

Models of Care for Survivors of Childhood Cancer From Across the Globe: Advancing Survivorship Care in the Next Decade.

With improvements in cancer treatment and supportive care, a growing population of survivors of childhood cancer at risk for significant and potentially life-threatening late effects has been identified. To provide a current snapshot of the models of care from countries with varying levels of resources and health care systems, stakeholders in childhood cancer survivorship clinical care and research were identified from 18 countries across five continents. Stakeholders responded to a survey and provided a brief narrative regarding the current state of survivorship care.

Pain Management and Use of Opioids in Pediatric Oncology in India: A Qualitative Approach.

Purpose: Consumption of medical opium for pain relief in India is low, despite the country being one of the main world producers of the substance. We investigated obstacles to opioid use and physician perceptions about optimal pain management in pediatric oncology patients in India.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with oncologists who work in pediatric oncology settings.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of 13-cis retinoic acid in Indian high-risk neuroblastoma patients.

Purpose: To compare the pharmacokinetics of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cisRA) between Indian and UK neuroblastoma patients receiving comparable treatment, alongside measures of toxicity and response.

Methods: 13-cisRA (160 mg/m(2)/day) was administered to 36 patients ≤16 years in two divided doses. Plasma 13-cisRA concentrations were determined on days 1 and 14 of cycles 1 and 4 of treatment.

Ectopic Cushing syndrome secondary to recurrent pancreatoblastoma in a child: Lessons learnt.

Although rare, pancreatoblastoma is the most common pancreatic tumor in children. Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from a pancreatoblastoma is very rare with only two previously reported cases. We present the management and the lesson learnt in a 3-year-old child with recurrent pancreatoblastoma with Cushing syndrome.

Nutritional status in survivors of childhood cancer: Experience from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.

Background: Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for several cardiometabolic complications. Obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome have been widely reported in Western literature, but data from India are lacking.

Aims: To perform an objective assessment of nutritional status in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) and to find risk factors for extremes in nutritional status.

Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) detected in azoospermic testicular biopsies of adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Background: Infertility is a known side-effect of oncotherapy in cancer survivors, and often compromises the quality of life. The present study was undertaken to detect very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in testicular biopsies from young adult survivors of childhood cancer who had azoospermia. VSELs have been earlier reported in human and mouse testes.

Imaging in neuroblastoma: An update.

Neuroblastoma is the third common tumor in children. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, response evaluation and in follow-up of a case of Neuroblastoma. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group task force has recently introduced an imaging-based staging system and laid down guidelines for uniform reporting of imaging studies.

Can multiparametric MRI and FDG-PET predict outcome in diffuse brainstem glioma? A report from a prospective phase-II study.

Purpose: To study the impact of multiparametric MRI and (18)F-FDG-PET on the outcome of children with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG).

Materials And Methods: Imaging data from a phase-II prospective therapeutic study in children with newly diagnosed DIPG were considered for evaluation. They included baseline MRI with contrast enhancement before treatment.

Comparison of isolates and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in pediatric and adult cancer patients; is it different?

Background: Infection is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Organisms are becoming resistant to antibiotics; age appears to be one of the factors responsible. We analyzed common organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the correlation with age.

Management of febrile neutropenia in malignancy using the MASCC score and other factors: Feasibility and safety in routine clinical practice.

Background: The current standards for empirical broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic (AB) treatment, combined with hospitalization, are cautious and safe, but lead to over-treatment of a substantial group of patients. We need to validate parameters to identify these low-risk febrile-neutropenia (FN) patients, who could then be safely treated in an outpatient setting with minimal/no AB treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis for validation of a risk-assessment model in FN patients was done on a patient population from January 2007 to December 2008.

A comparison of cell mediators and serum cytokines transcript expression between male and female mice infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and/or consuming probiotics.

The gut immune system is complex, and dysregulation leads to a number of disorders including inflammatory bowel syndrome and (in livestock) Johne's disease. Previous work has demonstrated that males and females respond differently to treatment with pathologic and probiotic microorganisms, suggesting that a 'one-size-fits-all' approach to treat GIT inflammation may be inadequate. While we had observed significant differences between males and females in terms of cytokine production, it remains unclear how these changes occur.

Primary non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma of the jaw in children: results of surgical resection and primary reconstruction.

Background And Objective: The rarity of Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the jaw coupled with the technical challenge of resection and associated functional and cosmetic impairment has resulted in deficient data on surgical management of these tumors. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of surgical excision and reconstruction of primary non-metastatic ES of the mandible and maxilla in children.

Methods: Consecutive patients (mandible = 6, maxilla = 5) treated with surgery from August 2005 to January 2013 were selected.

Prospective observational study on diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI in solid small round cell tumours.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for metastatic disease in patients with solid small round cell tumours (SRCT) by comparing it with routine staging procedures (standard of care).

Materials And Methods: Eligible cases of neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, and rhabdomyosarcoma were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. WB-MRI was undertaken using overlapping coronal T1 and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences.

Rapidly progressive congenital rhabdomyosarcoma presenting with multiple cutaneous lesions: an uncommon diagnosis and a therapeutic challenge.

Congenital rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are rare tumors with variable clinical presentations. A 2 month-old, term male neonate (37 weeks, 4 days), weighing 3.2kg, born to a 24 year-old primigravida, by simple vaginal delivery presented with multiple erythematous papulonodular lesions over his trunk that progressed to his whole body, on the first day of delivery.

Outcome and morbidity of surgical resection of primary cervical and cervicothoracic neuroblastoma in children: a comparative analysis.

Introduction: Primary cervical (CN) and cervicothoracic neuroblastoma (CTN) is generally associated with good outcome; however, surgical resection can be challenging and not without morbidity. The aim of this study is to assess the overall outcome and compare the clinico-radiological features, treatment, and complications of CN and CTN.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen consecutive patients, (CN = 9, CTN = 7) treated between November 2006 and December 2012 were selected from the prospective database for this analysis.