[A case of craniotomy with intermittent tracheal extubation for speech mapping during surgery].

We gave anesthesia for craniotomy in a 54-year-old man with intracranial tumor near the Broca speech centers causing facial nerve palsy and slight allophasis. Nasotracheal intubation was performed after intravenous administration of droperidol 15 mg and fentanyl 0.2 mg.

[A case of dissociative stupor with decorticated posture after neck clipping of brain aneurysm].

We experienced a case of dissociative stupor with decorticated posture in a 71-year-old woman after neck clipping of the brain aneurysm. Decorticated posture is observed with severe midbrain disorder caused by brain herniation. In this case, therefore, severe brain stem damage was suspected, although light reflex was observed and respiration was stable.

Significant gene expression of insulin-like growth factor II and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in a rapidly growing recurrent pituitary acth-secreting adenoma.

Background: We quantified the expression of various growth-related factors in an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenoma that had recurred very rapidly as invasive macroadenoma.

Methods/results: A 43-year-old woman underwent successful transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease. Seven years later, she was admitted to our ward for further endocrine examinations.

Cerebellopontine angle lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Although malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system have been reported to be increasing in frequency, cerebellopontine (CP) angle lymphoma is rare and only 13 cases have been reported previously in the literature.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman had progressive dizziness and nausea for 2 months. Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass lesion in the left CP angle, that was compressing the lateral-dorsal aspect of the pons and the fourth ventricle.

Combination chemotherapy (cisplatin, vinblastin) and low-dose irradiation in the treatment of pineal parenchymal cell tumors.

Pineal parenchymal cell tumors (PPCTs) with or without metastasis into the lumbar region by way of the cerebrospinal fluid were treated successfully with combination chemotherapy using cisplatin, vinblastin, and bleomycin (PVB) or cisplatin and vinblastin (PV) and low-dose irradiation (25 approximately 30 Gy). Our series included a case of pineoblastoma, two cases of mixed pinocytoma/pineoblastoma, and a case of pineocytoma, compared to which the data held by the All Japan Brain Tumor Registry (AJBTR) included information on 47 cases pineocytoma and 20 of pineoblastoma. All our patients have survived, with scores of 90% or over on Karnofsky's performance scale, for 2-12 years of follow-up so far; however, the 5-year survival rates of the patients recorded by AJBTR were 83% for pineocytoma treated with radiation and 43% without radiation; and 42% for pineoblastoma treated with radiation and 50% without radiation.

Primary yolk sac tumor in the spinal cord.

A case of a primary yolk sac tumor of the spinal cord is reported. The patient was a 17-month-old Japanese girl, who was found to have an intramedullary mass at the upper thoracic level. The preoperative diagnosis was primary glioma, but histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a yolk sac tumor.

A case of Rathke's cleft cyst with apoplexy.

We report a case of Rathke's cleft cyst associated with cholesterin granuloma in an 8-year-old girl with apoplexy. She was admitted to our hospital in April 1996 because of repeated headache and deep ophthalmic pain, without any visual disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary demonstrated an intrasellar isodense mass extending to the suprasellar cistern.

Induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes against autologous brain tumor by crossreactive allo-tumor cell stimulation.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against autologous malignant brain tumor were generated in peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL) prepared from a patient with a malignant brain tumor by stimulation of the cultured PBL for 7 days with attenuated crossreactive malignant melanoma (MM2) cells pretreated with mitomycin C. The crossreactive MM2 cells were effective for antigen stimulation for CTL induction in place of autologous glioblastoma cells, which are difficult to expand in culture. The optimal ratio between nylon wool-passed T lymphocytes and nylon wool-adherent accessory cells to induce CTL in the patient's PBL was found to be 25 to 1.

Survival probability, delayed mortality, and relationship between short-term outcome and long-term survival after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The long-term survival probability, causes of delayed mortality, and relationship between short-term outcome and long-term survival after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were retrospectively studied in 106 patients followed up for longer than 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival probabilities at 1 month, 6 months, and 5 years were 85.9%, 79.

Fluorescence localization of anti-pregnant rat kidney antibody and lectin binding analysis in exencephalic rat embryos.

We sought to determine the distribution of anti-pregnant rat kidney serum (ARKS) in fetuses that subsequently developed a form of neural tube defect (NTD). We produced exencephaly in rat embryos by injecting a rabbit anti-pregnant rat kidney serum into the peritoneal cavity of pregnant Wistar rats on day 7 of gestation; 71.1% (27/38) of the rat embryos developed this anomaly.

Supra- and infratentorial multiple cavernous angiomas in an infant: report with MR evaluation of an unusual case.

A rare case of multiple cavernous angiomas with repeated hemorrhages in a 9-month-old male infant is presented, together with sequential computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. The infant underwent hematoma evacuation for left cerebellar hemorrhage and his postoperative course was uneventful. The multiple cavernous angiomas receded gradually without any treatment except the hematoma evacuation.

Role of cytokines, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C on production of superoxide and induction of scavenging enzymes in human leukocytes.

We investigated the effects of proximal modulators of cytokines, tyrosine kinase (TK), and protein kinase C (PKC) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the induction of scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of human neutrophils and lymphocytes, by using IL1-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma and neutralizing antibodies to these cytokines. Inhibitors of TK (ST638 and herbimycin) or PKC (H-7, calphostin, and staurosporine) were also used. The results revealed that both (O2)- generation stimulated by five different agents (opsonized zymosan, A23187, PAF, PMA, and fMLP) and the inductions of all three scavenging enzymes were potentiated by priming with TNF-alpha.

Immunohistochemical study of medulloblastoma with a monoclonal antibody against human copper and zinc-superoxide dismutase.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in tumor tissues was investigated in 10 cases of medulloblastoma by immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody against human copper and zinc-superoxide dismutase. Abundant SOD was expressed in tumors from patients with poor outcomes and little SOD in patients with good outcomes. These results suggest that resistance to adjuvant therapy depends on the amount of SOD in tumor tissues.

[The correlation of immunohistochemical expression of human manganase-superoxide dismutase and outcome of the patients with medulloblastomas].

There in no clear indicator for making a prognosis in patients with medulloblastoma. The effects of adjuvant therapy on the tumor are exerted through free radicals that emerge in the cytoplasm of tumor cells following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Thus, free radical scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), in tumor cells may antagonize the effects of adjuvant therapy.

The distribution fields of sensory neurons in the human thalamus.

Thalamic neurons were identified by activity related to passive joint movement, active joint movement, tapping stimulation, and light touch stimulation during surgery to treat movement disorders. The neurons were classified into three types: movement-related neurons, tapping-related neurons, or superficial sensory neurons. Tapping-related neurons had characteristics of lemniscal sensory neurons and occupied the border area of movement-related neurons and superficial sensory neurons.

Classification of hydrocephalus and outcome of treatment.

Purpose: Retrospective analysis in cooperative study of hydrocephalus at institutions of members of the Research Committee on Intractable Hydrocephalus sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan was performed to determine the functional prognosis for all types of hydrocephalus and thus to clarify the outcome.

Methods: In preparation of this study, we have proposed the definition, clinical classification and diagnostic criteria of hydrocephalus. We have classified non-tumoral hydrocephalus into eight types based on its etiology and the time of onset.

[A case of myogenic intractable pain due to thalamic hemorrhage relieved by Vim-Vo thalamotomy].

A 58-year-old female patient with myogenic intractable pain due to thalamic hemorrhage which was relieved by stereotactic Vim-Vo thalamotomy was reported. She had an intractable pain, involuntary movement and deep sensory disturbance in her right arm. We performed stereotactic Vim-Vo thalamotomy using electrophysiological technique to relieve her involuntary movement and myogenic intractable pain.

Scalp hair loss caused by octreotide in a patient with acromegaly: a case report.

We used octreotide to treat a woman with acromegaly and observed pituitary adenoma shrinkage after 5 months. Diffuse scalp hair loss occurred after 5 months, resulting in the discontinuation of treatment. After the cessation of octreotide, the hair loss stopped and hair growth resumed.

[Immunohistochemical study on the expression of copper and zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) in human adenohypophysis and pituitary adenomas].

A location of copper and zinc- superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) in adenohypophysis and pituitary adenomas was examined with immunohistochemical technique. Pituitary adenomas include thirteen functioning, five nonfunctioning; functioning adenomas consist seven prolactinomas, four growth hormone (GH) secreting, two adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting adenomas. Three specimens of normal adenohypophysis were used for control study.

[Two cases of craniopharyngioma associated with Rathke's cleft cyst].

Two rare cases of craniopharyngioma associated with Rathke's cleft cyst are reported. The patients were 74-year-old female and 12-year-old boy. The former complained bilateral impaired visual acuity and visual field disturbance with hypoprolactinemia, the latter complained diabetes insipidus and growth retardation.

Venous malformation in the posterior fossa: guidelines for treatment.

Venous malformations in the posterior fossa are relatively rare. Although the introduction of CT and MRI has made them easier to detect, their treatment is still controversial. Based on our experience with six patients and a review of the literature, we have tried to establish guidelines for their treatment.

Management of a broken atrial catheter migrated into the heart: a rare complication of ventriculoatrial shunt--case report.

A 21-year-old male, who had undergone a ventriculoatrial shunt for hydrocephalus 5 years previously, became stuporous. A roentgenogram revealed that the distal segment of the broken atrial catheter had migrated and become lodged in the heart. Because the fragment had not adhered to the myocardium, it was easily retrieved by the transvenous approach with a retriever catheter.

[Application of intravascular ultrasound imaging to carotid artery].

Although conventional angiography is utilized to assess the extent and severity of carotid artery disease, it yields only a silhouette of the vessel lumen. Intravascular ultrasound imaging (IUI), which has been developed for imaging the coronary artery, can supplement angiography by providing a tomographic perspective of the vessel wall structure. Therefore, we applied IUI (4.