An in vitro study of the effect of reactive oxygen species on subcellular distribution of deposited cadmium in digestive gland of mussel Crenomytilus grayanus.

The study was performed to assess in vitro effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS, oxyradicals) on intracellular distribution of accumulated cadmium in digestive gland of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus. In vitro induction of ROS (by Fe/ascorbate reaction) in tissue homogenates of Cd-accumulated mussels led to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (as conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde) and also to decrease in reduced glutathione and Cd-binding protein contents. Also fraction of MT-like proteins (20-22 kDa) has been shifted to a higher molecular weight area (40-45 kDa), which indicates dimerization of the protein.

In vitro effect of copper ions on transbilayer distribution of aminophospholipids in synaptosomal membrane of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma).

Effect of copper ions on lipid matrix organization of synaptosomal membrane of the marine fish Theragra chalcogramma was investigated. It was demonstrated that interaction of copper ions with these membrane stimulated the process of lipid peroxidation and caused changes in the transbilayer distribution of aminophospholipids. Accessibility of phosphatidylethanolamine was increased more than twice, and of phosphatidylserine more than ten times, that can be explained by changes in asymmetrical structure of lipid matrix of synaptosomal membrane.

Tolerance to cadmium of free-living and associated with marine animals and eelgrass marine gamma-proteobacteria.

The tolerance to Cd2+ and possible mechanisms of Cd2+ detoxification by 178 free-living bacteria isolated from sea water, associated with marine animals (a mussel Crenomytilus grayanus, a scallop Patinopecten yessoensis), and eelgrass Zostera marina collected in The Sea of Japan and The Sea of Okhotsk have been studied. The concentrations of 25 and 50 mg Cd2+/L were highly toxic and inhibited the growth from 54% to 78% of the total bacteria studied. The free-living bacteria isolated from seawater samples (up to 50%) were tolerant to high concentrations of cadmium.