Systems Engineering Approach to Modeling and Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Part II: Extension for Variable Metabolic Rates.

Recently, we developed a systems engineering model of the human cardiorespiratory system [Kurian et al. , (23), 20524-20535. DOI: 10.

Role of oxygenation devices in alleviating the oxygen crisis in India.

There has been an unprecedented increase in global demand for medical oxygen equipment to solve the acute oxygen shortages caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study aims to assess the value of improved access and use of Oxygen Concentrators (OCs) and cylinders during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. This evaluation is relevant to strengthening health systems in many resource-constrained Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) settings.

Systems Engineering Approach to Modeling and Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This study develops a systems engineering framework for representing important mechanistic details of COPD in a model of the cardiorespiratory system. In this model, we present the cardiorespiratory system as an integrated biological control system responsible for regulating breathing.

Double cobra head technique of distal coronary anastomosis.

In 1967, Dr. René Favaloro introduced the use of reversed greater saphenous vein graft for coronary artery bypass grafting, since then a lot of efforts were made to improve the venous graft patency rate. We introduce a novel double cobra head technique of distal coronary anastomosis for better distal runoff.

In the VEST trial: are we missed to address the pathology incurred by the external stent?

In the VEST IV trial, the author concluded that external stenting of saphenous vein graft mitigates its remodeling and also significantly reduces the diffuse intimal hyperplasia and development of lumen irregularities at 4.5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. We also have valuable a suggestion in addition to external stenting that might nullify the pathology caused by the stent and might enhances graft patency.

Porcine versus bovine bioprosthetic valves in mitral position: does choice really matter?

Background: Bioprosthetic valves are increasingly used for surgical mitral valve replacement (MVR). The long-term outcomes of bovine (BoMVR) vs porcine (PoMVR) remain an enigma regarding the durability. This study aims to examine the outcomes of BoMVR vs PoMVR.

Weight gain potential-a neglected entity during valve replacement.

Introduction: During valve replacement, appropriate valve size will be chosen based on many factors, neglecting the potential of the patient for gaining weight. We aimed at evaluating the weight gain potential and its effect on hemodynamics in post mitral valve replacement (MVR) patients.

Material And Methods: In 118 post-MVR patients, demographic and echocardiographic data at the time of discharge and follow-up were obtained and analyzed.

Media supplementation for targeted manipulation of monoclonal antibody galactosylation and fucosylation.

Monoclonal antibodies are critically important biologics as the largest class of molecules used to treat cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic diseases. Antibody glycosylation is a critical quality attribute that has ramifications for patient safety and physiological efficacy-one that can be modified by such factors as media formulation and process conditions during production. Using a design-of-experiments approach, we examined the effect of 2-F-peracetyl fucose (2FP), uridine, and galactose on cell growth and metabolism, titer, and gene expression of key glycosylation-related proteins, and report how the glycoform distribution changed from Days 4 to 7 in a batch process used for IgG1 production from Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The Periodontal-Cardiovascular alliance: Evaluation of miRNA-146a in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease.

Aim: To quantify the levels of miRNA-146a in subgingival plaque samples, and correlate with periodontal and cardiac parameters, in chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease.

Methods: The study involved 90 subjects; 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CP + CHD) as part of Group I; group II comprising 30 with chronic periodontitis alone (CP); and group III comprising 30 systemically healthy controls. Demographic variables, periodontal parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, cardiac parameters such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded from the patients.

Uncommon Anatomic Variation of Left Internal Mammary Artery: God-Created Y-Graft Conduit.

The left internal mammary artery is the most accepted and widely used conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. This report presents a rare case of very early bifurcation of the left internal mammary artery at the level of the third intercostal space.

Role of surgical ventricular restoration post surgical treatment of heart failure (STICH) trial.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) with or without CABG for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

Methods: Retrospectively, 49 patients with ICM and severe LV dysfunction (LVEF < 35%) who underwent SVR with or without CABG from January 2009 to December 2016 at a single institution was compared with 49 patients who underwent isolated CABG. The two groups were matched for preoperative clinical and echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV).

An unusual combination of coronary arterial and systemic venous anomalies-clinical implications.

A 57-year-old male underwent coronary angiography for exertional angina which showed two left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD)--a short LAD from the left coronary sinus terminating in the proximal Anterior Inter-Ventricular Sulcus (AIVS), a long LAD from the proximal right coronary artery entering the distal AIVS and an anomalous left circumflex artery from the right coronary sinus. In addition, he also had absent right superior vena cava and a persistent left superior vena cava entering the coronary sinus.

Hybrid trans-apical device closure of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm under trans-oesophageal echocardiographic guidance.

Left ventricular pseudo aneurysm (LVPA) results from contained left ventricular free wall rupture following either myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery. Untreated LVPA carries approximately 30-45% risk of rupture in the first year. Conventional treatment for LVPA is surgery which carries a mortality of about 20%.

Tansplantation of autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells trans-epicardially in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery.

Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) hampers cardiac performance by ventricular remodeling which is a major cause of heart failure or death. Conventional drug therapies like beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme may delay remodeling but there is no single therapeutic regimen available that can prevent or reverse the process of myocardial injury. Interventional therapies and surgical procedures improve or normalize coronary blood flow greatly.

16S rRNA-based detection of oral pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque.

Background: Atherosclerosis develops as a response of the vessel wall to injury. Chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known.

Giant left ventricular aneurysm complicating silent inferoposterior myocardial infarction.

Background: True ventricular aneurysm in the inferior location is rare. A 54-year-old male was evaluated for recurrent heart failure.

Method: The echocardiogram showed large aneurysm arising from the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle and severe mitral regurgitation.

Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Background: Chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known. The aim of our study was to detect the presence of four common periodontal pathogens in coronary plaques.

Hydatid cyst of the left ventricle of the heart.

Hydatid disease of the heart is rare. We report a case of hydatid cyst of left ventricle in a forty year old lady where the diagnosis was made intra-operatively. The transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a mixed echogenic mass arising from the left ventricle.

Cerebral metabolism and mood in remitted opiate dependence.

Background: Opiate-dependent individuals are prone to dysphoria that may contribute to treatment failure. Methadone-maintenance therapy (MMT) may mitigate this vulnerability, but controversy surrounds its long-term use. Little is known about the neurobiology of mood dysregulation in individuals receiving or removed from MMT.

Estimation of D2-like receptor occupancy by dopamine in the putamen of hemiparkinsonian Monkeys.

To advance understanding of the neurochemical changes in Parkinson's disease (PD), we compared D2-like dopamine receptor occupancy by dopamine in the control and lesioned putamen of four pig-tailed macaques treated unilaterally with MPTP. PET and in vitro binding techniques were used to measure binding potential (BP(*)) and density of D2-like dopamine receptors (B(max)), respectively. As would be expected in PD, relatively higher values of BP(*) and B(max) and less amphetamine-induced decrease in [(11)C]raclopride binding were observed in the lesioned compared with the contralateral putamen in each animal.

Surgical outcomes and strategy of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical clinical results of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 24 patients who underwent surgical management in the past ten years in two hospitals in China and Madras Medical Mission in India. Myomectomy was carried out on all patients.

Risky decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers.

Risky decision making is a hallmark behavioral phenotype of drug abuse; thus, an understanding of its biological bases may inform efforts to develop therapies for addictive disorders. A neurocognitive task that measures this function (Rogers Decision-Making Task; RDMT) was paired with measures of regional cerebral perfusion to identify brain regions that may underlie deficits in risky decision making in drug abusers. Subjects were abstinent drug abusers (> or =3 months) and healthy controls who underwent positron emission tomography scans with H(2)(15)O.

Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and lateral prefrontal (LPFC) cortex are brain regions important to executive cognitive functions (ECF). We determined ACC and LPFC function in 23-day abstinent cocaine abusers using positron emission tomography (PET H(2)(15)O) during performance of a modified version of the Stroop Task. Cocaine abusers showed less activation than non-drug-using comparison subjects in the left ACC and the right LPFC and greater activation in the right ACC.

Mitral valve reoperation through the left atrial appendage in a patient with mesocardia.

We report the case of a patient with mesocardia, mitral restenosis, and mitral regurgitation. He had undergone an open mitral valvotomy 4 years earlier and, therefore, presented us with a problematic approach to the mitral valve. In such cases, access to the mitral valve is almost impossible due to the position of the valve, which is more posterior and to the left of a normal valve, and due to adhesions from the previous surgery We approached the mitral valve through the left atrial appendage and replaced the mitral valve with a mechanical prosthesis.