Publications by authors named "Kurian K"

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tangles of abnormal vessels with early arteriovenous (AV) shunting that can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures, neurologic deficit, or headache. To date, only a few cases of carcinomas metastasizing to pre-existing cerebral AVMs have been reported in the literature. However, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases that exhibit early AV shunting, where AVM pathology is not present, are extremely rare.

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Ultra-low magnetic field sensing is emerging as a tool for materials' diagnostics, particularly for the operando studies of electrochemical systems. A magnetic metrology system having the capability of sensing fields as low as ∼1.88 pT has been setup for such studies using a commercial atomic magnetometer.

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Background: Genetic variants associated with molecular traits that are also associated with liability to glioma can provide causal evidence for the identification and prioritisation of drug targets.

Methods: We performed comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomisation (Wald ratio and/or IVW) and colocalisation analyses of molecular traits on glioma. Instrumentable traits (QTLs P < 5 × 10-8) were identified amongst 11 985 gene expression measures, 13 285 splicing isoforms and 10 198 protein abundance measures, derived from 15 brain regions.

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Background: Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas aids surgical planning for patients with hyperparathyroidism. This study explores the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon-reviewed 4D computed tomography (4D CT) scans for localization of parathyroid adenomas.

Methods: A retrospective review of 95 patients with hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy at a tertiary care center was performed.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The chapter outlines different strategies for auricular reconstruction based on the severity and location of injuries, including superficial, composite, and full-thickness defects.
  • * It discusses specific methods for total auricular reconstruction, prosthetic options, and management strategies for traumatic injuries such as avulsions, burns, and bites.
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  • * This study identifies the overexpression of TAM receptors (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) and the ligand GAS6 in tumor cells from patients, revealing new interactions between these receptors in meningioma and schwannoma tissues.
  • * Researchers found that inhibiting MERTK with UNC2025 and AXL with BGB324 reduced cell growth and survival in vitro, with UNC2025 proving more effective and also depleting tumor-associated macrophages in both tumor types.
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Bronchopulmonary fistula (BPF) is an abnormal connection between the pleural space and bronchial tree, potentially leading to fatal outcomes if untreated. While BPF commonly arises following lung surgery, it can also be linked to infections. This report details the case of a 47-year-old male with recent untreated bacterial pneumonia, who developed bilateral pneumothoraces with persistent air leaks, Pseudomonas and empyema, culminating in a right-sided BPF necessitating video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) decortication.

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Background And Importance: Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is an extremely rare tumor, with nearly 150 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of CAPNON at foramen magnum (cervicomedullary junction). We also discuss the histological and radiological features of this rare pathology.

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Article Synopsis
  • In 2015, patient and charity activism led to the formation of a UK government group focused on brain tumor research.
  • By 2018, this resulted in a commitment of £20m from the government and £25m from Cancer Research UK for neuro-oncology over five years.
  • The review covers changes in the UK's brain tumor research landscape, identifies seven key research priorities, three overarching themes, and discusses the current status and challenges in this field.
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Brain tumours reduce life expectancy for an average of 20 years per patient, the highest of any cancer. A third of brain tumour patients visit their GP at least five times before diagnosis and many of those are diagnosed late through emergency departments. A possible solution to this challenge is to utilise a "liquid biopsy" blood test designed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs).

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The aim of our work was to investigate practical and robust methods for the electrochemical analysis of DNT. Using gold WEs, we differentiated between the nitro substituents in 2,4- and 2,6-DNT in organic electrolyte systems. Switching to an aqueous electrolyte (2 M HSO), a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.

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Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that fibrates and glitazones may have a role in brain tumour prevention. We examined if there is support for these observations using primary care records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Design: We conducted two nested case-control studies using primary and secondary brain tumours identified within CPRD between 2000 and 2016.

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy improves outcomes in patients with brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Records were searched electronically on MEDLINE, Embase and BIOSIS. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for overall survival and progression free survival, and treatment-related adverse events data were extracted.

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Background: Brain metastases derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent a significant clinical problem. We aim to characterize the genomic landscape of brain metastases derived from NSCLC and assess clinical actionability.

Methods: We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and BIOSIS from inception to 18/19 May 2022.

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Meningiomas are the most common intracranial brain tumours. These tumours are heterogeneous and encompass a wide spectrum of clinical aggressivity. Treatment options are limited to surgery and radiotherapy and have a risk of post-operative morbidities and radiation neurotoxicity, reflecting the need for new therapies.

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Dual-emission fluorescence probes that provide high sensitivity are key for biomedical diagnostic applications. Nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging alternative to traditional fluorescent probes; however, robust and reproducible synthetic strategies are still needed to access materials with controlled emission profiles and improved fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs). Herein, we report a practical and general synthetic strategy to access dual-emission CDs with FQYs as high as 0.

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Objectives: For transwomen undergoing voice feminization interventions, fundamental frequency (F 0 ; vocal pitch) is a commonly reported functional outcome measure in the literature. However, F 0 may not correlate well with improvement in quality of life (QoL). Several validated voice-related QoL instruments have been used to assess QoL improvement in these patients, yet there is no consensus on the most appropriate instrument.

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In the 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification (CNS5, 2021), multiple molecular characteristics became essential diagnostic criteria for many additional CNS tumor types. For those tumors, an integrated, "histomolecular" diagnosis is required. A variety of approaches exists for determining the status of the underlying molecular markers.

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Glioma is one of the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults, of which, glioblastoma is the most prevalent and malignant entity. Glioma is often diagnosed at a later stage of disease progression, which means it is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, there is a need for earlier diagnosis of these tumours, which would require sensitive and specific biomarkers.

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Background: The overall survival of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients is poor despite best available treatments. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers to inform more precise disease stratification. Previous studies have identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) as a potential biomarker for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.

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Introduction: Anaemia is one of the micronutrient deficiency disorders that have global public health implications. The present study aims to determine the association of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) with anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in rural North India.

Methods: In Rohtak (a north Indian city), a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018-19 (n = 266).

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Genetic evidence suggests glioma risk is altered by leukocyte telomere length, allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema), alcohol consumption, childhood obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and triglyceride levels. DNA methylation (DNAm) variation influences many of these glioma-related traits and is an established feature of glioma. Yet the causal relationship between DNAm variation with both glioma incidence and glioma risk factors is unknown.

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