A Dilemma in the Management of Distal Tibia Fractures Solved by Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis Technique: A Prospective Study.

Introduction Managing distal tibia fractures is challenging for trauma surgeons because of their peculiar anatomy with less soft tissue coverage and poor blood supply. There are various treatment options for distal tibia fractures such as open reduction and plating, minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis, and intramedullary interlocking nailing. Open reduction and internal fixation can lead to excessive soft tissue dissection and devascularization of fracture fragments.

Osteoid osteoma of the distal radius presenting as an inconspicuous swelling in a young child.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumour with a predilection for the lower extremity that rarely affects the forearm. It is commonly seen in adolescents and young adults, and is seldom diagnosed in the paediatric age group. We report a boy in his early childhood who presented with a swelling over the distal forearm, which was incidentally noted by the mother 3 months ago.

Harnessing the Power of Mobile Phone Technology: Screening and Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder With Smartphone Apps.

Integrating smartphone applications into screening and identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a promising and innovative frontier within healthcare. This forward-looking paper examines the current landscape of ASD screening apps, shedding light on their potential advantages and addressing and navigating significant challenges. One of the most compelling aspects of these apps lies in their potential to democratize access to ASD screening, effectively breaking down geographical barriers.

Functional Outcome of Varus Derotation Osteotomy in Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Can It Be Justified in Late-Presenting Disease?

Background: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) in children older than seven years has often been associated with accelerated progress and poor outcome. The results of varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO) of the proximal femur in this cohort are not consistently predictable. This study was aimed at assessing the functional outcome of VDRO for hip containment in children with late-presenting LCPD.

Reward Behavior Disengagement, a Neuroeconomic Model-Based Objective Measure of Reward Pathology in Depression: Findings from the EMBARC Trial.

The probabilistic reward task (PRT) has identified reward learning impairments in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as anhedonia-specific reward learning impairments. However, attempts to validate the anhedonia-specific impairments have produced inconsistent findings. Thus, we seek to determine whether the Reward Behavior Disengagement (RBD), our proposed economic augmentation of PRT, differs between MDD participants and controls, and whether there is a level at which RBD is high enough for depressed participants to be considered objectively disengaged.

Effectiveness of Application of Oral Regimen, Practicing Oral Health, Health Education, Observation (APHO) Nursing Intervention in Preventing and Managing Oral Mucositis in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy: An Interventional Study in Central India.

Background The incidence of childhood cancer is rising worldwide, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia being the most commonly diagnosed form. These young patients are immunocompromised and susceptible to infections. In addition, chemotherapy and radiation therapy often cause oral mucositis as a side effect.

Congenital heart disease - A complex cardiac anomaly: A case report.

Congenital heart disorders (CHDs) are a major cause of juvenile morbidity and mortality in many poor nations, owing to late detection and a lack of talent and facilities for decisive treatments. A case of a newborn baby with atrial septal defect (ASD) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), tricuspid atresia (TA), and pulmonary valve stenosis is admitted to the pediatric ward. It is a complex cardiac anomaly that leads to mortality and morbidity.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods for Breast Cancer Classification in Genetic Sequences.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women, which accounts for millions of deaths worldwide. Early and accurate detection, prognosis, cure, and prevention of breast cancer is a major challenge to society. Hence, a precise and reliable system is vital for the classification of cancerous sequences.

A Life-Threatening Incidence of Neurotoxic Indian Krait Snake Bite: A Case Report.

The Indian Krait delivers one of the most lethal venoms compared to other Asian snakes. The venom of the common Krait comprises substantial neurotoxins that cause muscular paralysis. Significant snake bite incidence occurs in rural areas.

Patterns of Pretreatment Reward Task Brain Activation Predict Individual Antidepressant Response: Key Results From the EMBARC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The lack of biomarkers to inform antidepressant selection is a key challenge in personalized depression treatment. This work identifies candidate biomarkers by building deep learning predictors of individual treatment outcomes using reward processing measures from functional magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessments, and demographics.

Methods: Participants in the EMBARC (Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care) study (n = 222) underwent reward processing task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and were randomized to 8 weeks of sertraline (n = 106) or placebo (n = 116).

"Surgically Treated COVID-19-Positive Trauma Patients Had a Higher Fatality Rate" - A Rural District General Hospital's Perspective in the United Kingdom.

Introduction Our study analyses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on perioperative death in elderly patients undergoing surgery for fractures who test positive for the virus during their admission in a rural hospital setting in the UK. Methods One hundred and fifty-six consecutive patients with age more than 75 years, who underwent surgery for fractures in Glangwili General Hospital during the second wave of the pandemic between 20th November 2020 and 20th January 2021, were included in this study. The 28-day mortality rate was estimated, and the results were compared to a matched cohort of patients from a similar duration before the pandemic (20th November 2019 to 20th January 2020).

Acetabular volume and femoral coverage change following Dega-like osteotomy in treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Although Dega's acetabuloplasty has become a commonly used osteotomy, there is still an ongoing debate regarding its impact on the volume and depth of the acetabulum. The purpose of our study was to assess the postoperative images of the transverse acetabular plane and version obtained from developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients after a modified Dega osteotomy. We performed a retrospective study of the morphologic indices obtained from the pelvic X-rays and computer tomography (CT) scans of patients with DDH, who were operated in our institution between July 2005 and October 2013, using the modified Dega osteotomy.

Pelvic Support Hip Reconstruction with Internal Devices: An Alternative to Ilizarov Hip Reconstruction.

Aim And Objective: Ilizarov hip reconstruction (IHR) is a traditional method of salvaging chronic adolescent problem hips but faces practical problems from external fixators leading to reduced compliance. We present the same reconstruction utilising only internal devices with a modification in technique and aim to review early results.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated eight patients between 2014 and 2017 with chronic painful hips treated by a two-stage reconstruction; stage 1 included femoral head resection and pelvic support osteotomy using double plating, while stage 2 comprised distal femoral osteotomy avoiding varus followed by insertion of retrograde magnetic nail for postoperative lengthening.

Pelvic Support Hip Reconstruction with Internal Devices: An Alternative to Ilizarov Hip Reconstruction.

Aim And Objective: Ilizarov hip reconstruction (IHR) is a traditional method of salvaging chronic adolescent problem hips but faces practical issues from external fixators leading to reduced compliance. We present the same reconstruction procedure using only internal devices with a modification in the technique and review early results.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated eight patients between 2014 and 2017 with chronic painful hips treated by two-stage reconstruction; stage I included femoral head resection and pelvic support osteotomy using double plating, whereas stage II comprised distal femoral osteotomy avoiding varus followed by the insertion of a retrograde magnetic nail for postoperative lengthening.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Subcallosal Cingulate Connectivity Show Preferential Antidepressant Response in Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal connectivity across emotion and reward circuits as well as other established circuits that may negatively impact treatment response. The goal of this study was to perform an exploratory reanalysis of archival data from a clinical trial to identify moderators of treatment outcome of sertraline over placebo.

Methods: EMBARC (Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care) study participants completed magnetic resonance imaging before randomization to either sertraline or placebo for 8 weeks (n = 279).

Correction of Bowleg Deformity in Achondroplasia through Combined Bony Realignment and Lateral Collateral Ligament Tightening.

Introduction: Achondroplasia is one of the most common osteochondrodysplasias with an incidence of 1 in 26,000 live births. Bowing of lower limbs can cause significant morbidity in this population. The use of the Ilizarov external fixator to tighten collateral ligaments of the knee in children has not been reported in the literature.

Late presentation of spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostosis: case reports and review of the literature.

Introduction: Osteochondromas are usually found in the long bones of patients with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The spine is reported to be involved in over 50% of cases, but few of these patients are symptomatic as the result of an existing spinal exostosis.

Methods: We reviewed the current literature in order to find the right approach to patients with HME-complicated spinal exostosis and describe three paediatric patients that were diagnosed late with spinal cord compression due to cervical exostosis.

Effect of Intrinsic Patterns of Functional Brain Connectivity in Moderating Antidepressant Treatment Response in Major Depression.

Objective: Major depressive disorder is associated with aberrant resting-state functional connectivity across multiple brain networks supporting emotion processing, executive function, and reward processing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patterns of resting-state connectivity between brain regions predict differential outcome to antidepressant medication (sertraline) compared with placebo.

Methods: Participants in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study underwent structural and resting-state functional MRI at baseline.

Reward related ventral striatal activity and differential response to sertraline versus placebo in depressed individuals.

Medications to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) are not equally effective across patients. Given that neural response to rewards is altered in MDD and given that reward-related circuitry is modulated by dopamine and serotonin, we examined, for the first time, whether reward-related neural activity moderated response to sertraline, an antidepressant medication that targets these neurotransmitters. A total of 222 unmedicated adults with MDD randomized to receive sertraline (n = 110) or placebo (n = 112) in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study completed demographic and clinical assessments, and pretreatment functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a reward task.