[The role of carrier-object in investigations of cigar-butts].

A comprehensive series of experiments was undertaken to find the reasons why the cigar-butt stuff, removed from accident places for investigation at forensic-biological laboratories, affects different sera. A number of such reasons were established. Methods are suggested to eliminate the cigar-butt impact with the aim of ensuring the most accurate results while determining the group adherence of saliva on the cigar-butts.

[Determination of group affiliation of isolated spermatozoa after separation from squamous epithelium cells].

Outlined in the paper are outlooks for determining a group affiliation of sperm in traces, left in material evidence, within forensic biological expertise. A technique is suggested to separate the spermatozoids from the vaginal epithelium cells--it has been used up to now in genetics alone. The method involves the available reagents and does not need any extra training.

[Determination of hair group by preserved hair cell bulbs].

Difficulties appearing in determining hair group were the reason for conducting this research for the purpose of finding additional possibilities to solve the mentioned problem. It was established that the preliminary cell coloring, related with determination of hair sex, does not influence a consequent detection of antigens. Methods or the fixation of material were selected.

[Detection of ABO and GM system antigens in the teeth].

A series of experiments using agglutination inhibition reaction and material extraction in PBS with pH 7.2 (phosphate-buffer-sedin) has been made to detect antigens of the GM system in the teeth. Parameters of the test material/serum ratio are proposed.

[Identification of the group affiliation of bone fragments].

Bone fragments in various states were studied in terms from 7 days to 6 years postmortem. About 10 modifications of the adsorption-elution method were used. More than 70 experiments were performed.

[The use of the obti test for determining the presence and type of blood in stains].

A method for simultaneous detection and identification of the blood in stains on material evidence has been tried. Previously these two procedures were carried out in succession and took 2 days, while the new method takes 2-10 min. The method is highly sensitive and specific.