Primary Cardiac Lymphoma With Dramatic Response to Chemotherapy Diagnosed by Transvenous Biopsy.

Primary cardiac lymphoma is a rare disease with the potential to be fatal. This case reports a patient who developed primary cardiac lymphoma resulting in cardiac tamponade. Despite a compromised general condition, the lymphoma was diagnosed through a transvenous tumor biopsy.

Stat5 opposes the transcription factor Tox and rewires exhausted CD8 T cells toward durable effector-like states during chronic antigen exposure.

Rewiring exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells toward functional states remains a therapeutic challenge. Tex cells are epigenetically programmed by the transcription factor Tox. However, epigenetic remodeling occurs as Tex cells transition from progenitor (Tex) to intermediate (Tex) and terminal (Tex) subsets, suggesting development flexibility.

Feasibility and reliability of the pandemic-adapted online-onsite hybrid graduation OSCE in Japan.

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is widely used to assess medical students' clinical skills. Virtual OSCEs were used in place of in-person OSCEs during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, their reliability is yet to be robustly analyzed. By applying generalizability (G) theory, this study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a hybrid OSCE, which admixed in-person and online methods, and gain insights into improving OSCEs' reliability.

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 is an antiviral regulator acting through the proto-oncogene MET.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I is an essential innate immune sensor that recognises pathogen RNAs and induces interferon (IFN) production. However, little is known about how host proteins regulate RIG-I activation. Here, we show that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a hepatokine and ligand of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase is an antiviral regulator that promotes the RIG-I-mediated innate immune response.

MicroRNA-29a attenuates CD8 T cell exhaustion and induces memory-like CD8 T cells during chronic infection.

CD8 T cells mediate protection against intracellular pathogens and tumors. However, persistent antigen during chronic infections or cancer leads to T cell exhaustion, suboptimal functionality, and reduced protective capacity. Despite considerable work interrogating the transcriptional regulation of exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX), the posttranscriptional control of TEX remains poorly understood.

Apocynin-Tandospirone Derivatives Suppress Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion in Rats with Neonatal Exposure to Dizocilpine.

Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress as a potential pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia. Accordingly, we synthesized new chemicals using apocynin and tandospirone as lead compounds (, and ). These novel compounds decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in vitro and reversed decreases in glutathione levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats transiently exposed to MK-801, an -methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, in the neonatal period.

Batf-mediated epigenetic control of effector CD8 T cell differentiation.

The response of naive CD8 T cells to their cognate antigen involves rapid and broad changes to gene expression that are coupled with extensive chromatin remodeling, but the mechanisms governing these changes are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how these changes depend on the basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor Batf, which is essential for the early phases of the process. Through genome scale profiling, we characterized the role of Batf in chromatin organization at several levels, including the accessibility of key regulatory regions, the expression of their nearby genes, and the interactions that these regions form with each other and with key transcription factors.

[Low psoas muscle index as independent poor prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in elderly patients].

Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the clinical significance and optimal assessment of sarcopenia remain unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of low skeletal muscle mass based on the psoas muscle index (PMI) in patients with DLBCL aged 70 years and older treated with R-CHOP therapy.

Efficacy and Safety of Nepcell S in Achieving Hemostasis After Removal of a 15-Fr Femoral Venous Sheath in Patients Undergoing Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.

Hemostasis at the femoral venous access site after cryoballoon ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is often prolonged because of aggressive anticoagulation and the use of 15-Fr-caliber sheaths. The Nepcell S (NC) is a newly developed hemostatic pad made of fibrosed calcium alginate extracted from natural seaweed. The calcium ions from the NC accelerate the clotting cascade.

Delayed onset of severe immune thrombocytopenia associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.

A 72-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and was started on favipiravir, heparin calcium, and methylprednisolone pulse therapy. He recovered from respiratory failure about one month later. However, he soon developed purpura in his lower limbs and thrombocytopenia, and immune thrombocytopenia was subsequently diagnosed.

Transient Depletion of CD4 Cells Induces Remodeling of the TCR Repertoire in Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Antibody-mediated transient depletion of CD4 cells enhances the expansion of tumor-reactive CD8 T cells and exhibits robust antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. To investigate the clonal T-cell responses following transient CD4 cell depletion in patients with cancer, we conducted a temporal analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the first-in-human clinical trial of IT1208, a defucosylated humanized monoclonal anti-CD4. Transient depletion of CD4 cells promoted replacement of T-cell clones among CD4 and CD8 T cells in the blood.

In vivo CD8 T cell CRISPR screening reveals control by Fli1 in infection and cancer.

Improving effector activity of antigen-specific T cells is a major goal in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the identification of several effector T cell (T)-driving transcription factors (TFs), the transcriptional coordination of T biology remains poorly understood. We developed an in vivo T cell CRISPR screening platform and identified a key mechanism restraining T biology through the ETS family TF, Fli1.

Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8 T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage.

The developmental origins of memory T cells remain incompletely understood. During the expansion phase of acute viral infection, we identified a distinct subset of virus-specific CD8 T cells that possessed distinct characteristics including expression of CD62L, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), and Eomesodermin; relative quiescence; expression of activation markers; and features of limited effector differentiation. These cells were a quantitatively minor subpopulation of the TCF-1 pool and exhibited self-renewal, heightened DNA damage surveillance activity, and preferential long-term recall capacity.

MCPIP1 reduces HBV-RNA by targeting its epsilon structure.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major causative factor of chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously demonstrated that a proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β reduced the level of HBV RNA. However, the mechanism underlying IL-1β-mediated viral RNA reduction remains incompletely understood.

Recovery of oral feeding in Japanese elderly people after long-term tube feeding: A challenge in Miyama Hospital.

Context: In Japan, many patients who cannot consume food orally are managed using external tube feeding over long periods. Although helpful in nutritional management, tube feeding significantly reduces a patient's quality of life.

Aims: We examined the factors that affected the transition from tube to oral feeding in elderly people.

Developmental Relationships of Four Exhausted CD8 T Cell Subsets Reveals Underlying Transcriptional and Epigenetic Landscape Control Mechanisms.

CD8 T cell exhaustion is a major barrier to current anti-cancer immunotherapies. Despite this, the developmental biology of exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) remains poorly defined, restraining improvement of strategies aimed at "re-invigorating" Tex cells. Here, we defined a four-cell-stage developmental framework for Tex cells.

Transplantation of iPS-derived vascular endothelial cells improves white matter ischemic damage.

White matter infarct induces demyelination and brain dysfunction. We previously reported that transplantation of brain microvascular endothelial cells improved the behavioral outcome and promoted remyelination by increasing the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the rat model of white matter infarct. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of vascular endothelial cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) on the rat model of white matter infarct.

Traditional Chinese therapy initiates oral feeding in a stroked woman after three years of nasogastric tube feeding.

Banxia Houpu Tang, a traditional Chinese medicine, helped in initiating oral feeding in a stroke patient, after three years of nasogastric tube feeding. This Chinese medicine has potential in eliminating the need for nasogastric feeding and for physical restraints in geriatric individuals after a stroke.

TCF-1-Centered Transcriptional Network Drives an Effector versus Exhausted CD8 T Cell-Fate Decision.

TCF-1 is a key transcription factor in progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Moreover, this Tex cell subset mediates responses to PD-1 checkpoint pathway blockade. However, the role of the transcription factor TCF-1 in early fate decisions and initial generation of Tex cells is unclear.