Comparison of Various Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Calculators: Is It Time for the Friedewald Equation to Go in India?

Background And Objectives: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is the main target in the management of dyslipidemia in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Our study aims to compare the conventional and most popular Friedewald equation, and the more recent Sampson equation (literally unknown in India but more accurate), to the directly estimated LDL-c by the homogenous method. No such comparative study has been done in India.

Perception, burden and satisfaction of parents of children attending online classes during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Coronavirus has spread havoc globally, resulting in the closure of all sectors including education. Therefore, to continue a child's learning, the government started online classes from home by involving parents. This new learning method might be hectic and challenging for parents; therefore, this study aimed to assess the perception, burden, and satisfaction of parents of children attending online classes.

Maternal Vitamin B Status and Risk of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Birth Defects in Tamil Nadu State, India.

Background And Objective: The causal role of maternal nutrition in orofacial clefts is uncertain. We tested hypotheses that low maternal vitamin B and low folate status are each associated with an increased risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in a case-control study in Tamil Nadu state, India.

Methods: Case-mothers of CL±P children (n = 47) and control-mothers of unaffected children (n = 50) were recruited an average of 1.

Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) and birthweight in a rural-urban, mother-child cohort in Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Exposure to PM (fine particulate matter View Article and Find Full Text PDF

An investigation into the suitability of some etching reagents to restoring obliterated stamped numbers on cast iron engine blocks of cars.

Most of the automotive companies use cast iron for their engine blocks. Restoration of obliterated number on these iron surfaces by chemical etching is known to be quite difficult. Heating of the obliterated surface using oxyacetylene flame is an alternative recovery treatment suggested in literature and used in practice.

A survey of some metallographic etching reagents for restoration of obliterated engraved marks on aluminium-silicon alloy surfaces.

A brief survey to assess the sensitivity and efficacy of some common etching reagents for revealing obliterated engraved marks on Al-Si alloy surfaces is presented. Experimental observations have recommended use of alternate swabbing of 10% NaOH and 10% HNO(3) on the obliterated surfaces for obtaining the desired results. The NaOH etchant responsible for bringing back the original marks resulted in the deposition of some dark coating that has masked the recovered marks.

Revealing obliterated engraved marks on high strength aluminium alloy (AA7010) surfaces by etching technique.

Restoration of obliterated engraved marks on high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA7010) surfaces by etching technique was studied. The alloy surfaces were mechanically engraved with some identification marks using "Gravograph". The marks were then erased by removing the metal to different levels up to and below the depth of engraving.

On the sensitivity of some common metallographic reagents to restoring obliterated marks on medium carbon (0.31% C) steel surfaces.

Chemical etching, which is the most sensitive method to recover obliterated serial numbers on metal surfaces, has been practised quite successfully in forensic science laboratories all over the world. A large number of etchants suitable for particular metal surfaces based on empirical studies is available in the literature. This article reviews the sensitivity and efficacy of some popular etchants for recovering obliterated marks on medium carbon steel (0.

Recovering obliterated engraved marks on aluminium surfaces by etching technique.

A study has been made of the characteristics of restoration of obliterated engraved marks on aluminium surfaces by etching technique. By etching different reagents on 0.61mm thick sheets of aluminium (99wt%) on which some engraved marks had been erased to different depths it was found that the reagent 60% hydrochloric acid and 40% sodium hydroxide on alternate swabbing on the surfaces was found to be the most sensitive one for these metal surfaces.

Restoration of engraved marks on steel surfaces by etching technique.

It is known that restoration of erased engraved identification marks on the engine and the chassis of a car or on a firearm has low success rate. Unlike stamping, engraving on a metal surface leaves no pronounced, permanent subsurface deformation in the crystalline structure, also called dislocation that can be revealed by suitable methods. Hence, the current research work investigated whether metallographic reagents used in the restoration of stamp (compression) marks could be applied to recover engraved marks on steel surfaces and also to establish the sensitivity and effectiveness of some of these reagents for the restoration of the marks.

Studies on the formation, temporal evolution and forensic applications of camera "fingerprints".

A series of experiments was conducted by exposing negative film in brand new cameras of different make and model. The exposures were repeated at regular time intervals spread over a period of 2 years. The processed film negatives were studied under a stereomicroscope (10-40x) in transmitted illumination for the presence of the characterizing features on their four frame-edges.

Camera identity from minute film-edge mark characteristics.

A case is presented in which a camera recovered from a site of bomb blast was linked to some incriminating film negatives by the characteristic markings existing along a small portion of the edge of the film negatives.

Restoration of obliterated painted registration number on vehicle.

A simple technique employed for the restoration of the obliterated painted registration number on a motor vehicle involved in a case of murder is described.

Practical limitations of tableting indices.

The purpose of this study was to utilize tableting indices to distinguish between materials with varying degrees of compactibility by establishing a quantitative relationship between indices and compactibility. Compactibility in this study is restricted to tablet strength and friability alone. Nine mixtures with varying degrees of compactibility were tableted and the tensile strength and friability of the tablets were determined.

Estimation of capping incidence by indentation fracture tests.

The purpose of this study was to predict the capping tendencies of pharmaceutical powders by creating indentation fracture on compacts. Three sets of binary mixtures containing different concentrations of each ingredient were used in the study. The binary mixtures were chosen to represent plastic-plastic, plastic-brittle, and brittle-brittle combination of materials.

Note on fabric marks in motor vehicle collisions.

Two cases are described where motor vehicle accidents lead to fabric weave impressions and fibres being transferred to the paintwork of vehicles from the clothes of the victims.