Study of the operative conditions and the optimum amount of municipal incinerator bottom ash for the obtainment of ceramic floor tiles.

The idea of reusing municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA), the residue from incinerating municipal solid wastes, fits nicely in a circular economy scheme, which leads to an avoided impact of landfill disposal, and at the same time reduces the demand of natural resources. Past studies have attempted to add 20 to 60% MIBA for ceramic production, and resulted in some inspiring success. Focused on delivering quality interior and exterior floor tiles meeting industrial standards, this study investigated the operative conditions and the optimum amount of MIBA in the mix.

Applying Mixture of Municipal Incinerator Bottom Ash and Sewage Sludge Ash for Ceramic Tile Manufacturing.

Municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) are secondary wastes produced from municipal incinerators. Landfills, disposal at sea, and agricultural use have been the major outlets for these secondary wastes. As global emphasis on sustainability arises, many have called for an increasing reuse of waste materials as valuable resources.

Acid-Alkali Resistance of New Reclaimed Tiles Containing Sewage Sludge Ash and Waste Glass.

In this study, properties of newly developed reclaimed tiles in a harmful environment were investigated. A portion of clay used to manufacture tiles was replaced with sewage sludge ash (SSA) and waste glass to produce the new reclaimed tiles. To investigate the effects of SSA and waste glass on the properties of the tiles, different specimens were blended and placed in acid-alkali solutions.

Effects of waste glass and waste foundry sand additions on reclaimed tiles containing sewage sludge ash.

Applying sewage sludge ash (SSA) to produce reclaimed tiles is a promising recycling technology in resolving the increasing sludge wastes from wastewater treatment. However, performance of such reclaimed tiles is inferior to that of original ceramic tiles. Many researchers have therefore tried adding various industrial by-products to improve reclaimed tile properties.

Improving Non-Destructive Concrete Strength Tests Using Support Vector Machines.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are important alternatives when destructive tests are not feasible to examine the concrete properties without damaging the structure. The rebound hammer test and the ultrasonic pulse velocity test are two popular NDT methods to examine the properties of concrete. The rebound of the hammer depends on the hardness of the test specimen and ultrasonic pulse travelling speed is related to density, uniformity, and homogeneity of the specimen.