Isolation of yeast mitochondria by differential centrifugation.

The isolation of intact and functional mitochondria is a powerful approach to characterize and study this organelle. The classical biochemical method of differential centrifugation is routinely used to isolate mitochondria. This method has several advantages, such as a high yield and easy adaptability.

Identification of MIMAS, a multifunctional mega-assembly integrating metabolic and respiratory biogenesis factors of mitochondria.

The mitochondrial inner membrane plays central roles in bioenergetics and metabolism and contains several established membrane protein complexes. Here, we report the identification of a mega-complex of the inner membrane, termed mitochondrial multifunctional assembly (MIMAS). Its large size of 3 MDa explains why MIMAS has escaped detection in the analysis of mitochondria so far.

Isolation of intact and active FoF1 ATP synthase using a FLAG-tagged subunit from the cyanobacterium sp. PCC 6803.

The FoF1 ATP synthase (ATPase) is one of the most important protein complexes in energy metabolism. The isolation of functional ATPase complexes is fundamental to address questions about its assembly, regulation, and functions. This protocol describes the purification of intact and active ATPase from the model cyanobacterium sp.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Establish Chest X-Ray Image Recognition Model to Assist Crucial Diagnosis in Elder Patients With Dyspnea.

Pneumonia and pulmonary edema are the most common causes of acute respiratory failure in emergency and intensive care. Airway maintenance and heart function preservation are two foundations for resuscitation. Laboratory examinations have been utilized for clinicians to early differentiate pneumonia and pulmonary edema; however, none can provide results as prompt as radiology examinations, such as portable chest X-ray (CXR), which can quickly deliver results without mobilizing patients.

Expression of the Cyanobacterial FF ATP Synthase Regulator AtpΘ Depends on Small DNA-Binding Proteins and Differential mRNA Stability.

FF ATP synthases produce ATP, the universal biological energy source. ATP synthase complexes on cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes use proton gradients generated either by photosynthesis or respiration. AtpΘ is an ATP synthase regulator in cyanobacteria which is encoded by the gene .

Well-Being of Teachers: The Role of Efficacy of Teachers and Academic Optimism.

In previous decades, the well-being of teachers has been at the center of the attention of researchers in several practical investigations on various subjects such as language learning. The objective of this review is to clarify this construct and add new information on the predominance of the well-being of teachers and organize factors impacting it. Nevertheless, among factors influencing the levels of well-being, the focus of this review is on two constructs, namely, optimism "as a new concept in positive psychology," societal theory, and collective school assets in education, and efficacy of teachers as an individual source in teachers.

AtpΘ is an inhibitor of FF ATP synthase to arrest ATP hydrolysis during low-energy conditions in cyanobacteria.

Biological processes in all living cells are powered by ATP, a nearly universal molecule of energy transfer. ATP synthases produce ATP utilizing proton gradients that are usually generated by either respiration or photosynthesis. However, cyanobacteria are unique in combining photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains in the same membrane system, the thylakoids.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Fur-binding sites in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and PCC 6714.

The Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is crucial to both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria for the maintenance of iron homeostasis as well as the defence against reactive oxygen species. Based on datasets from the genome-wide mapping of transcriptional start sites and transcriptome data, we identified a high confidence regulon controlled by Fur for the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and its close relative, strain 6714, based on the conserved strong iron starvation response and Fur-binding site occurrence.

Evaluation and comparison of multi-omics data integration methods for cancer subtyping.

Computational integrative analysis has become a significant approach in the data-driven exploration of biological problems. Many integration methods for cancer subtyping have been proposed, but evaluating these methods has become a complicated problem due to the lack of gold standards. Moreover, questions of practical importance remain to be addressed regarding the impact of selecting appropriate data types and combinations on the performance of integrative studies.

CEPICS: A Comparison and Evaluation Platform for Integration Methods in Cancer Subtyping.

Cancer subtypes can improve our understanding of cancer, and suggest more precise treatment for patients. Multi-omics molecular data can characterize cancers at different levels. Up to now, many computational methods that integrate multi-omics data for cancer subtyping have been proposed.

The primary transcriptome of the fast-growing cyanobacterium UTEX 2973.

Background: Cyanobacteria have shown promising potential for the production of various biofuels and chemical feedstocks. UTEX 2973 is a fast-growing strain with pronounced tolerance to high temperatures and illumination. Hence, this strain appears to be ideal for the development of photosynthetic biotechnology.

A Specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the ATP Synthase Gene Significantly Improves Environmental Stress Tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

In response to a broad range of habitats and environmental stresses, cyanobacteria have evolved various effective acclimation strategies, which will be helpful for improving the stress tolerances of photosynthetic organisms, including higher plants. UTEX 2973 and PCC 7942 possess genomes that are 99.8% identical but exhibit significant differences in cell growth and stress tolerance.

Enzymatic Activity Assay for Invertase in Cells.

Invertase can catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose, and is widely distributed in cells of cyanobacteria and plants. Being responsible for the first step for sucrose metabolism, invertase plays important physiological roles and its enzymatic activity is frequently needed to be determined. All the methods for determination of the invertase activity are dependent on detection of the glucose product generated by the invertase.

Determination of Intracellular Osmolytes in Cyanobacterial Cells.

Most of the cyanobacteria accumulate osmolytes including sucrose, glucosylglycerol, in their cells in response to salt stress. Here we describe a protocol of our laboratory for extraction and quantification of cyanobacterial intracellular sucrose and glucosylglycerol. We have confirmed this protocol was applicable to at least four kinds of cyanobacteria, filamentous cyanobacterium sp.

The Response Regulator Slr1588 Regulates But Is Not Crucial for Salt Acclimation of sp. PCC 6803.

Cyanobacterial sucrose biosynthesis is stimulated under salt stress, which could be used for biotechnological sugar production. It has been shown that the response regulator Slr1588 negatively regulates the gene encoding sucrose-phosphate synthase and mutation of the gene also affected the salt tolerance of (Chen et al., 2014).

Slr1670 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Is Required for the Re-assimilation of the Osmolyte Glucosylglycerol.

When subjected to mild salt stress, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 produces small amounts of glycerol through an as of yet unidentified pathway. Here, we show that this glycerol is a degradation product of the main osmolyte of this organism, glucosylglycerol (GG).

The potential of Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 for sugar feedstock production.

It is important to obtain abundant sugar feedstocks economically and sustainably for bio-fermentation industry, especially for producing cheap biofuels and biochemicals. Besides plant biomass, photosynthetic cyanobacteria have also been considered to be potential microbe candidates for sustainable production of carbohydrate feedstocks. As the fastest growing cyanobacterium reported so far, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Syn2973) might have huge potential for bioproduction.

A versatile strategy toward binary three-dimensional architectures based on engineering graphene aerogels with porous carbon fabrics for supercapacitors.

Graphene-based supercapacitors and related flexible devices have attracted great attention because of the increasing demands in the energy storage. As promising three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures in the supercapacitor electrodes, graphene-based aerogels have been paid dramatic attention recently, and numerous methods have been developed for enhancing their performance in energy storage. In this study, an exclusive strategy is presented toward directly in situ growing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aerogels inside the 3D porous carbon fabrics for engineering the interfaces of the resulting binary 3D architectures.