The target of the NSD family of histone lysine methyltransferases depends on the nature of the substrate.

The NSD (nuclear receptor SET domain-containing) family of histone lysine methyltransferases is a critical participant in chromatin integrity as evidenced by the number of human diseases associated with the aberrant expression of its family members. Yet, the specific targets of these enzymes are not clear, with marked discrepancies being reported in the literature. We demonstrate that NSD2 can exhibit disparate target preferences based on the nature of the substrate provided.

The relationship between pulmonary system impedance and right ventricular function in normal sheep.

Right ventricular (RV) afterload is a key determinant of RV function and is increased in many cardiopulmonary pathologies. Pulmonary circulation input impedance has been used to quantify afterload previously but due to its complexity has not been widely applied. This study examines the effect of a subset of the impedance spectrum, the zeroth and first harmonic impedance moduli (Z (0), Z (1)), on RV performance in large animals.

A framework for diagnosing and identifying where technology-induced errors come from.

Health information systems have the ability to reduce medical errors but they can also introduce new types of errors. In the cognitive and human factors literature there is a recognition that many of the high profile accidents that have occurred in other industries outside of healthcare have had their origins in the complexities of organizational work and how work is structured. The authors propose that in order to have a fully robust framework for diagnosing technology-induced errors one must understand the development and implementation of a technology and the influences of policy using a multi-organizational model.

The genome of Nectria haematococca: contribution of supernumerary chromosomes to gene expansion.

The ascomycetous fungus Nectria haematococca, (asexual name Fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "Fusarium solani species complex". Members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. The current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, N.

Pediatricians' roles in the provision of developmental services: an international study.

Objective: To understand how early childhood developmental services are provided in other countries in comparison with the United States.

Background: Recent surveys document gaps in developmental services provided in the United States. Understanding pediatrician roles in other industrialized countries may shed light on how to meet emerging professional expectations around health promotion care and developmental services.

Structures of Mo(x)W(3-x)O(6) (x = 0-3) anion and neutral clusters determined by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.

The structures of Mo(3)O(6), Mo(2)WO(6), MoW(2)O(6), and W(3)O(6) and their associated anions were studied using a combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The 3.49 eV photon energy anion PE spectra of all four species showed broad electronic bands with origins near 2.

Redirection of center-of-mass velocity during the step-to-step transition of human walking.

Simple dynamic walking models based on the inverted pendulum predict that the human body's center of mass (COM) moves along an arc during each step, with substantial work performed to redirect the COM velocity in the step-to-step transition between arcs. But humans do not keep the stance leg perfectly straight and need not redirect their COM velocity precisely as predicted. We therefore tested a pendulum-based model against a wide range of human walking data.

Dynamic arm swinging in human walking.

Humans tend to swing their arms when they walk, a curious behaviour since the arms play no obvious role in bipedal gait. It might be costly to use muscles to swing the arms, and it is unclear whether potential benefits elsewhere in the body would justify such costs. To examine these costs and benefits, we developed a passive dynamic walking model with free-swinging arms.

A 7-year surveillance for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a university hospital in Taiwan: the increase of CTX-M-15 in the ICU.

To monitor the changing trend of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, a 7-year continuous study was launched in 2001 at the largest tertiary hospital in Taiwan. A significant increase over the study period was evident for ESBL-producing isolates of Escherichia coli (4.8-10.

Clinical manifestations, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates from a university hospital in Taiwan.

Objectives: Mycobacterium kansasii causes a variety of infections. Although previous reports on the prognosis of antimicrobial therapy have been mostly satisfactory, problems involving treatment failure or relapse have been encountered. The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between the clinical treatment outcomes of M.

The health and cognitive growth of Latino toddlers: at risk or immigrant paradox?

Epidemiologists have shown how birth outcomes are generally robust for immigrant Latina mothers, despite often situated in poor households, advanced by their strong prenatal and nutritional practices. But little is known about (1) how these protective factors may differ among Latino subgroups, (2) the extent to which birth outcomes, ongoing maternal practices, and family supports advance Latino toddlers' health and physical growth, and (3) whether the same processes advance toddlers' early cognitive growth. We drew on a national probability sample of 8,114 infants born in 2001, including 1,450 of diverse Latino origins.

Direction-dependent control of balance during walking and standing.

Human walking has previously been described as "controlled falling." Some computational models, however, suggest that gait may also have self-stabilizing aspects requiring little CNS control. The fore-aft component of walking may even be passively stable from step to step, whereas lateral motion may be unstable and require motor control for balance, as through active foot placement.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae at a university hospital in Taiwan, 2000-07: impact of modified non-meningeal penicillin breakpoints in CLSI M100-S18.

Objectives: In 2008, a new set of penicillin breakpoints was published in the CLSI revised guideline, M100-S18, to define the susceptibility of non-meningeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The impact of the change is studied and discussed.

Methods: Laboratory data on pneumococcal isolates collected from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital during 2000-07 were analysed using the original and modified penicillin CLSI breakpoints.

The tissue diagnostic instrument.

Tissue mechanical properties reflect extracellular matrix composition and organization, and as such, their changes can be a signature of disease. Examples of such diseases include intervertebral disk degeneration, cancer, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and tooth decay. Here we introduce the tissue diagnostic instrument (TDI), a device designed to probe the mechanical properties of normal and diseased soft and hard tissues not only in the laboratory but also in patients.

Prion proteins in subpopulations of white blood cells from patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Recent cases of prion transmission in humans following transfusions using blood donated by patients with asymptomatic variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) implicate the presence of prion infectivity in peripheral blood. In this study, we examined the levels of the normal, cellular prion protein (PrPC), and the disease-causing isoform (PrPSc) in subpopulations of circulating white blood cells (WBCs) from patients with sporadic (s) CJD, age-matched neurological controls and healthy donors. Though widely distributed, the highest levels of PrPC were found in a subpopulation of T lymphocytes: approximately 12,000 PrPC molecules were found per CD4+CD45RA-CD62L- effector memory T helper cell.

Access to and utilization of health care by subgroups of Latino children.

Background: Latinos make up the largest group of minority children in the United States. Despite great diversity among Latino children, studies have traditionally treated them as a monolithic group. Few studies have examined patterns and determinants of access to and use of health care for different subgroups of Latino children.

Air bubble-associated endothelial trauma in descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate endothelial cell trauma by anterior chamber (AC) air bubbles in Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Design: Laboratory investigation.

Methods: Twelve human donor corneas (6 pairs) were sectioned using an automated microkeratome system (Moria ALTK System, Antony, France).

Is recurrent hepatitis C worse with living donors?

Purpose Of Review: Early reports suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection recurred with greater severity in recipients of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) compared with recipients of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). Consequently, there has been uncertainty in the transplant community as to whether to encourage use of live donors for patients undergoing transplantation for HCV. This review will present the current data regarding whether recurrent HCV is worse with living donors.

Documentation status and parental concerns about development in young US children of Mexican origin.

Objective: To examine parent concerns about development, learning, and behavior for young children of Mexican origin, and to identify whether these reports differ by families' citizenship/documentation status.

Methods: Data come from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey, a population-based random-digit dial telephone survey of California's noninstitutionalized population. California Health Inerview Survey (CHIS) investigators completed interviews of 43 020 households with a total of 5856 children under age 6 years, of whom 1786 were reported being of Mexican origin.

Unusual products observed in gas-phase W(x)O(y)- + H2O and D2O reactions.

Addition of H(2)O and D(2)O to small tungsten suboxide cluster anions W(x)O(y)(-) (x = 1-4; y < or = 3x) was studied using mass spectrometric measurements from a high-pressure fast flow reactor. Within the WO(y)(-) mass manifold, which also includes WO(4)H(-), product masses correspond to the addition of one to three H(2)O or D(2)O molecules. Within the W(2)O(y)(-) cluster series, product distributions suggest that sequential oxidation W(2)O(y)(-) + H(2)O/D(2)O --> W(2)O(y+1)(-) + H(2)/D(2) occurs for y < 5, while for W(2)O(5)(-), W(2)O(6)H(2)(-)/W(2)O(6)D(2)(-) is primarily produced.

Total hip arthroplasty in rapidly destructive osteoarthritis of the hip: a case series.

Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis (RDO) of the hip is a rare condition characterized by rapid joint degeneration and destruction similar to findings of infection, osteonecrosis, or Charcot disease but without a definitive diagnosis. The cause and natural history of RDO are unclear, but total hip arthroplasty has been utilized as a treatment modality due to the severity of the symptoms. We reviewed retrospectively the records of total hip arthroplasties performed between 1990 and 2003 and identified ten hips in eight patients who fit the profile of the diagnosis of RDO.

An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency.

Mammalian SWI/SNF [also called BAF (Brg/Brahma-associated factors)] ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are essential for formation of the totipotent and pluripotent cells of the early embryo. In addition, subunits of this complex have been recovered in screens for genes required for nuclear reprogramming in Xenopus and mouse embryonic stem cell (ES) morphology. However, the mechanism underlying the roles of these complexes is unclear.

ING4 mediates crosstalk between histone H3 K4 trimethylation and H3 acetylation to attenuate cellular transformation.

Aberrations in chromatin dynamics play a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, yet relatively little is known of the molecular mechanisms linking histone lysine methylation to neoplastic disease. ING4 (Inhibitor of Growth 4) is a native subunit of an HBO1 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a tumor suppressor protein. Here we show a critical role for specific recognition of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) by the ING4 PHD finger in mediating ING4 gene expression and tumor suppressor functions.