Anticancer properties and metabolomic profiling of Shorea roxburghii extracts toward gastrointestinal cancer cell lines.

Background: Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) ranks as the highest cause of cancer-related deaths globally. GIC patients are often diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting effective treatment options. Chemotherapy, the common GIC recommendation, has significant disadvantages such as toxicity and adverse effects.

Comparison of a Urine Antigen Assay and Multiple Examinations with the Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique for Diagnosis of Opisthorchiasis.

Detection of worm antigen in urine is a sensitive diagnostic method for opisthorchiasis, particularly for light-intensity infections; however, the presence of eggs in feces is essential for validating results from the antigen assay. To address the issue of low sensitivity of fecal examination, we modified the protocol for the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) and compared it against urine antigen measurements for detection of the parasite Opisthorchis viverrini. First, we optimized the FECT protocol by increasing the number of drops for examinations from the standard two drops to a maximum of eight.

Concentration of Urine Samples Improves Sensitivity in Detection of -Specific IgG Antibody in Urine for Diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis.

Detection of IgG in urine is an efficient method comparable to that in serum for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, but the effects of daily variation in urine dilution on diagnostic accuracy are not clearly known. This study evaluated the effects of urine concentration on the detection of parasite-specific IgG by urine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), particularly in individuals with borderline results or false-negative diagnosis. Optimal concentration conditions were established by comparing -specific IgG antibody levels between unconcentrated and concentrated urine in participants with different infection intensities, namely, healthy control (HC), low-negative (LN), high-negative (HN), and low-positive (LP) groups.

Intron sequence variation of the echinostomes (Trematoda; Echinostomatidae): implications for genetic investigations of the 37 collar-spined, Echinostoma miyagawai Ischii, 1932 and E. revolutum (Fröelich, 1802).

Echinostomes are a diverse group of digenetic trematodes that are difficult to classify by predominantly traditional techniques and contain many cryptic species. Application of contemporary genetic/molecular markers can provide an alternative choice for comprehensive classification or systematic analysis. In this study, we successfully characterized the intron 5 of domain 1 of the taurocyamine kinase gene (TkD1Int5) of Artyfechinostomum malayanum and the other two species of the 37 collar-spined group, Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma miyagawai, whereas TkD1Int5 of Hypoderaeum conoideum cannot be amplified.

Effect of Temperature on the Killing of Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs In Vitro.

Contaminated liver fluke egg in the environment has led to the high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. To find the effective lessening methods of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the contaminated environment, we investigated the temperature conditions for killing of these trematode eggs in vitro. Numerous O.

Comparing the performance of urine and copro-antigen detection in evaluating Opisthorchis viverrini infection in communities with different transmission levels in Northeast Thailand.

To combat and eventually eliminate the transmission of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, an accurate and practical diagnostic test is required. A recently established urine antigen detection test using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (mAb-ELISA) has shown promise due to its high diagnostic accuracy and the use of urine in place of fecal samples. To further test the utility of this urine assay, we performed a cross sectional study of 1,043 people in 3 opisthorchiasis endemic communities in northeast Thailand by applying urine antigen detection together with copro-antigen detection methods.

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of 37 collar-spined echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Thailand and Lao PDR reveals presence of two species: Echinostoma revolutum and E. miyagawai.

The "37 collar-spined" or "revolutum" group of echinostomes is recognized as a species complex. The identification of members of this complex by morphological taxonomic characters is difficult and confusing, and hence, molecular analyses are a useful alternative method for molecular systematic studies. The current study examined the genetic diversity of those 37 collar-spined echinostomes which are recognized morphologically as Echinostoma revolutum in Thailand and Lao PDR using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) sequences.

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of echinostomes.

We conducted this study to identify species and determine the phylogenetic relationships using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences [partial sequences of 28S rDNA and second internal transcribed spacer (IT52)] of echinostomes collected from free-grazing ducks in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Four adult echinostomes were morphologically identified as Echinostoma revolutum, 4 as Hypoderaeulm conoideurn and 2 unidentified. Sequences of other species/isolates of echinostomes retrieved from the GenBank database were employed to compare and construct the phylogenetic tree.

Zoonotic echinostome infections in free-grazing ducks in Thailand.

Free-grazing ducks play a major role in the rural economy of Eastern Asia in the form of egg and meat production. In Thailand, the geographical location, tropical climate conditions and wetland areas of the country are suitable for their husbandry. These environmental factors also favor growth, multiplication, development, survival, and spread of duck parasites.

Roles of liver fluke infection as risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.

Several factors are known to be associated with risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and infection with the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, has often been singled out as the leading risk factor in east and southeast Asia. In this review, current knowledge of their biology, life cycle, and pathogenesis of O. viverrini, and its role as a carcinogenic parasite are presented.

Improved performance and quantitative detection of copro-antigens by a monoclonal antibody based ELISA to diagnose human opisthorchiasis.

Copro-antigen detection has been advocated as a promising method for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis, particularly in people that harbored light infection or have had recent drug treatment. This study aimed to improve performance of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Mab-ELISA) for detection of Opisthorchis viverrini copro-antigen and assess the correlation between copro-antigen and intensity of infection. Four different treatment methods of 71 samples from the Lawa endemic area, Khon Kaen province were assessed for copro-antigen detection, namely (1) phosphate buffer saline (PBS), (2) heating (70°C 30min), (3) alkaline (pH 9.

Oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin as a predictive risk marker of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.

The oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin (ox-A1AT) is one modified form of A1AT, generated via oxidation at its active site by free radicals released from inflammatory cells which subsequently are unable to inhibit protease enzymes. The presence of ox-A1AT in human serum has been used as oxidative stress indicator in many diseases. As oxidative/nitrative damage is one major contributor in opisthorchiasis-driven cholangiocarcinogenesis, we determined A1AT and ox-A1AT expression in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissue using immunohistochemical staining and measured serum ox-A1AT levels by ELISA.

Diagnosis of early infection and post chemotherapeutic treatment by copro-DNA detection in experimental opisthorchiasis.

Opisthorchis viverrini is considered as a carcinogenic parasite which is responsible for cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. Effective treatment and control of the parasite to reduce the risk of cancer requires efficient diagnostic methods. Because of the limitations involved in human studies, the present work is aimed at comparing diagnostic performance of copro-DNA detection by PCR and fecal examination by formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) during the course of O.

Opisthorchis viverrini-antigen induces expression of MARCKS during inflammation-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis.

Myristoylated alanine rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) has been implicated in PKC-mediated membrane-cytoskeleton alterations that underlie lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage responses. MARCKS is postulated to be involved in inflammation-associated CCA based on its overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and inflammatory cells. The aims of this study were to investigate localization patterns of MARCKS in hamster and human tissue during cholangiocarcinogenesis and to examine the involvement of MARCKS in inflammation.

Diagnostic values of parasite-specific antibody detections in saliva and urine in comparison with serum in opisthorchiasis.

Infection by the liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) causes hepatobiliary disease and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) in endemic areas in Southeast Asia. Measurements of humoral immune response particularly parasite-specific antibodies are useful not only for serodiagnosis but they have been implicated as risk factors of CCA. In this study, we used indirect Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to measure O.

Genetic variation and relationships of four species of medically important echinostomes (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in South-East Asia.

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene were used to genetically compare four species of echinostomes of human health importance. Fixed genetic differences among adults of Echinostoma revolutum, Echinostoma malayanum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Hypoderaeum conoideum were detected at 51-75% of the enzyme loci examined, while interspecific differences in CO1 sequence were detected at 16-32 (8-16%) of the 205 alignment positions. The results of the MEE analyses also revealed fixed genetic differences between E.

Opisthorchis viverrini: detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in human stool samples.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated for detection of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the stool specimens of light and heavily infected individuals in Khon Kaen province of Thailand. A total of 75 fecal specimens were analyzed by PCR following DNA extraction. All the microscopically positive samples were positive by PCR, while 23 of 30 (76.

Improvement of PCR for detection of Opisthorchis viverrini DNA in human stool samples.

Opisthorchis viverrini is an important food-borne trematode in Southeast Asia. The infection causes significant morbidity in terms of hepatobiliary diseases and cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to improve the sensitivity of the PCR-based diagnosis of O.