Corrigendum: Worldwide study on field trials of biotechnological crops: new promises but old policy hurdles.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.

Forty-eight-hour cold-stored whole blood in paediatric cardiac surgery: Implications for haemostasis and blood donor exposures.

Background And Objectives: Cold-stored whole blood (CS-WB) in paediatric cardiac surgery is making a resurgence, given its identified benefits compared to conventional blood component therapy (CT).

Study Design And Methods: A single-centre retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 to October 2018 by including children <18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. ABO-compatible CS-WB from non-directed random donors was leukoreduced with platelet-sparing filters and compared with CT.

Worldwide study on field trials of biotechnological crops: new promises but old policy hurdles.

Field trials (FTs) are a necessary step towards future commercialization of biotech crops and products thereof, whether for research and development or cultivation approval. A total of 187 FTs in 30 countries have been compiled for 2022 and 2023 using a survey and intergovernmental databases. FTs have been classified according to methods, crops and traits.

Time course of kratom effects via ecological momentary assessment, by product type, dose amount, and assayed alkaloid content.

Background And Aims: Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we undertook a natural experiment wherein kratom-product variability was a tool to assess kratom dose-response relationships based on product form and alkaloid level.

Methods: Between July-November 2022, 357 US kratom consumers (56.6 % male, 90.

Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Mitragynine, the Major Alkaloid of Kratom, in Rats.

This study reports the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters for mitragynine and characterizes its elimination in male and female rats. Four male and female rats were dosed q12h with 40 mg/kg, and orally administered mitragynine for 5 and 6 days, respectively. Using a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, the plasma concentrations of mitragynine, its metabolites (7-hydroxymitragynine, 9-hydroxycorynantheidine, and mitragynine acid), and a non-CYP oxidation product (3-dehydromitragynine) were determined at various time points.

Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Probiotics and Gut Dysbiosis in Preterm Infants: The PRIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effects of probiotic interventions on colonization with resistant bacteria and early microbiome development in preterm infants remain to be clarified.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) probiotics to prevent colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms or highly epidemic bacteria (MDRO+) and to shape the microbiome of preterm infants toward the eubiotic state of healthy full-term infants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, group sequential, phase 3 Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life (PRIMAL) randomized clinical trial, conducted from April 2018 to June 2020, included infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks at 18 German neonatal units.

Central Arterial Line Placement for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Peripheral arterial line placement is a common, low-risk procedure in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Central arterial cannulation may be used when peripheral cannulation is not feasible. At present, there are limited data to guide central arterial-line site selection in pediatric patients.

Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of villocarine A, an active Uncaria alkaloid.

Villocarine A is a bioactive indole alkaloid isolated from the Uncaria genus. It has demonstrated vasorelaxation activity and potential to protect the central nervous system. To identify the pharmacokinetic properties of villocarine A, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Kratom and Cannabidiol in Male Rats.

Kratom and cannabidiol products are used to self-treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety and pain, and to elevate mood. Research into the individual pharmacokinetic properties of commercially available kratom and cannabidiol products has been performed, but there are no studies on coadministration of these products. Surveys of individuals with kratom use history indicate that cannabidiol use is one of the strongest predictors of both lifetime and past month kratom use.

Isolation of Cytosolic Ribosomes Associated with Plant Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.

Excluding the few dozen proteins encoded by the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, the majority of plant cell proteins are synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes. Most of these nuclear-encoded proteins are then targeted to specific cell compartments thanks to localization signals present in their amino acid sequence. These signals can be specific amino acid sequences known as transit peptides, or post-translational modifications, ability to interact with specific proteins or other more complex regulatory processes.

The Main Functions of Plastids.

Plastids are semi-autonomous organelles like mitochondria and derive from a cyanobacterial ancestor that was engulfed by a host cell. During evolution, they have recruited proteins originating from the nuclear genome, and only parts of their ancestral metabolic properties were conserved and optimized to limit functional redundancy with other cell compartments. Furthermore, large disparities in metabolic functions exist among various types of plastids, and the characterization of their various metabolic properties is far from being accomplished.

Effects of kratom on driving: Results from a cross-sectional survey, ecological momentary assessment, and pilot simulated driving Study.

Objectives: Despite widespread kratom use, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its effects on driving. We evaluated the self-reported driving behaviors of kratom consumers and assessed their simulated-driving performance after self-administering kratom products.

Methods: We present results from: 1) a remote, national study of US adults who regularly use kratom, and 2) an in-person substudy from which we re-recruited participants.

Responses to a "Typical" Morning Dose of Kratom in People Who Use Kratom Regularly: A Direct-Observation Study.

Introduction: Use of kratom has outpaced systematic study of its effects, with most studies reliant on retrospective self-report.

Methods: We aimed to assess acute effects following kratom use in adults who use regularly, and quantify alkaloids in the products, urine, and plasma. Between July and November 2022, 10 adults came to our clinic and orally self-administered their typical kratom dose; blinding procedures were not used.

Inpatient Resource Utilization for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome from Birth Through Fontan.

Completing 3-stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome requires significant resources. An analysis of recent data has not been performed. We aimed to determine total charges necessary to complete all 3 stages of single-ventricle palliation, including interstage encounters.

Sound field synthesis for psychoacoustic research: In situ evaluation of auralized sound pressure levela).

The use of virtual acoustic environments has become a key element in psychoacoustic and audiologic research, as loudspeaker-based reproduction offers many advantages over headphones. However, sound field synthesis methods have mostly been evaluated numerically or perceptually in the center, yielding little insight into the achievable accuracy of the reproduced sound field over a wider reproduction area with loudspeakers in a physical, laboratory-standard reproduction setup. Deviations from the ideal free-field and point-source concepts, such as non-ideal frequency response, non-omnidirectional directivity, acoustic reflections, and diffraction on the necessary hardware, impact the generated sound field.

Detection of heat-stable antibacterial activity in cotyledonary and discoid placentas.

The placenta serves in immunological defense of the fetus, providing proteins essential for innate immunity. Maternal and fetal portions of two mammalian placenta types, discoid, and cotyledonary, were separated and analyzed for antibacterial activity using a culture-independent method. Antibacterial activity was detected in both maternal and fetal portions of all placenta types tested.

Transcatheter Ductal Stents Versus Surgical Systemic-Pulmonary Artery Shunts in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Trends and Associated Outcomes From the Pediatric Health Information System Database.

Background Surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts have been the standard approach to establish stable pulmonary blood flow in neonates with congenital heart disease with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow. More recently, transcatheter ductal stents have been performed as an alternative, less invasive intervention. We aimed to characterize trends in the utilization of surgical shunts versus ductal stents and compare associated outcomes.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Commercially Available Cannabidiol Isolate, Broad-Spectrum, and Full-Spectrum Products.

Background And Objectives: A wide variety of products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are available on the commercial market. One of the most common products, CBD oil, is administered to self-treat a variety of conditions. These oils are available as CBD isolate, broad-spectrum [all terpenes and minor cannabinoids except Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)], or full-spectrum (all terpenes and minor cannabinoids with THC < 0.

Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid Prevents Postpartum Hemorrhage and Transfusions in Cesarean Deliveries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and PPH resulting in transfusion is the most common maternal morbidity in the United States. Literature demonstrates that tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss in cesarean deliveries; however, there is little consensus on the impact on major morbidities like PPH and transfusions. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate if administration of prophylactic intravenous (IV) TXA prevents PPH and/or transfusions following low-risk cesarean delivery.

Assessment of Aspartame (E951) Occurrence in Selected Foods and Beverages on the German Market 2000-2022.

This study examines the occurrence of the artificial sweetener aspartame (E951) in foods and beverages sampled by food control authorities in Germany between 2000 and 2022. The dataset was obtained through the Consumer Information Act. Out of 53,116 samples analyzed, aspartame was present in 7331 samples (14%), of which 5703 samples (11%) in nine major food groups were further evaluated.

Metabolite and Molecular Characterization of Identifies Developmental and Genotypic Effects on Monoterpene Indole and Oxindole Alkaloid Composition.

The monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) mitragynine has garnered attention as a potential treatment for pain, opioid use disorder, and opioid withdrawal because of its combined pharmacology at opioid and adrenergic receptors in humans. This alkaloid is unique to (kratom), which accumulates over 50 MIAs and oxindole alkaloids in its leaves. Quantification of 10 targeted alkaloids from several tissue types and cultivars of  revealed that mitragynine accumulation was highest in leaves, followed by stipules and stems, but was absent, along with other alkaloids, in roots.