Thermal properties and radical monitoring after gamma, X-ray, and electron beam irradiation in polyamides.

Ionizing radiation induced transformations in materials were monitored through tracking of the generation and degradation processes of radical species. Consequently, the types and quantities of radicals were determined by electron spin resonance (ESR). Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to assess the impact of irradiation on the material crystallinity.

Toward Enhanced Machine-Based Release in X-ray Sterilization.

Trends toward the use of irradiator parameter release (also called machine-based release) put pressure on equipment manufacturers to guarantee accuracy and reliability of monitored process parameters. In the specific case of X-ray processing, relevance of these monitored parameters is questionable due to the additional difficulty coming from the fact that the X-ray converter does not have associated parameters or a monitored feedback mechanism. To bridge this gap, this article presents a novel method to verify in real-time consistency of certain X-ray field properties.

Guidelines on reporting treatment conditions for emerging technologies in food processing.

In the last decades, different non-thermal and thermal technologies have been developed for food processing. However, in many cases, it is not clear which experimental parameters must be reported to guarantee the experiments' reproducibility and provide the food industry a straightforward way to scale-up these technologies. Since reproducibility is one of the most important science features, the current work aims to improve the reproducibility of studies on emerging technologies for food processing by providing guidelines on reporting treatment conditions of thermal and non-thermal technologies.

Effects of a metallic implant on radiotherapy planning treatment-experience on a human cadaver.

Background: Metallic implants (MIs) complicate radiotherapy planning. Several studies have worked on tissue-equivalent phantoms as experimental models to estimate dose distributions in this context. The application of these results to clinical practice remains disputable because the inhomogeneity of human tissue densities is a difficult factor to integrate into dose calculation software.

Performance characteristics of the EPR dosimetry system with table sugar in radiotherapy applications.

Performance characteristics of the megavoltage photon dose measurements with EPR and table sugar were analyzed. An advantage of sugar as a dosimetric material is its tissue equivalency. The minimal detectable dose was found to be 1.

Freeze-drying of enzymes in case of water-binding and non-water-binding substrates.

Enzymes typically have a critical instability, which dominates both formulation and process development. In this paper, the ability to preserve the enzyme activity during freeze-drying was investigated for both water-binding and non-water-binding substrates. For this purpose, acid phosphatase was used as model protein.

Irradiation stability of folic Acid in powder and aqueous solution.

This study attempts to examine the folic acid stability after irradiation treatment, under different physical states, pH values, and atmosphere conditions. Aqueous folic acid samples, folic acid in powder, and wheat flour fortified with folic acid were irradiated by an electron beam (E-beam) between 0 (control) and 10.0 kGy.

Detection of irradiated ingredients included in low quantity in non-irradiated food matrix. 2. ESR analysis of mechanically recovered poultry meat and TL analysis of spices.

Protocols EN 1786 and EN 1788 for the detection of irradiated food by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL) were not conceived for the detection of irradiated ingredients included in low concentration in nonirradiated food. An enzymatic hydrolysis method, realized at 55 degrees C, has been developed for the extraction of silicate minerals and bone fragments. When followed by a purification of the extracts by an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate, this method made it possible to detect very low inclusions of irradiated spices (0.

Detection of irradiated ingredients included in low quantity in non-irradiated food matrix. 1. Extraction and ESR analysis of bones from mechanically recovered poultry meat.

Protocol EN 1786 for the detection of irradiated food by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was not conceived for the detection of irradiated bone-containing ingredients included in low concentration in non-irradiated food. An enzymatic hydrolysis method, realized at 55 degrees C, has been developed for the extraction of the bone fraction. When followed by a purification of the extracts by an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate, this method made possible the detection of irradiated mechanically recovered poultry meat at very low inclusions (0.

[Comparison between 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline and 1.5% plain mepivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block].

Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of sensory blockade, the onset time and the duration of the axillary plexus block obtained after the administration of 40 mL of 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline or 40 mL of plain 1.5% mepivacaine.

Alanine-ESR in vivo dosimetry: a feasibility study and possible applications.

A new alanine-ESR dosimeter has been developed at AERIAL in order to study its potential use in radiotherapy. Alanine-ESR results are compared with ion chamber for depth-dose measurements. A good concordance has been found between provisional dosimetry and absorbed dose during high dose rate and intra operative treatments.

Pancreatic venous samplings in infants and children with primary hyperinsulinism.

The authors present 19 cases of hyperinsulinism in children worked up with selective pancreatic venous samplings (PVS). Focal lesions were found in 7, diffuse secretion in 8 and normal insulin levels in 4. In three patients with focal hypersecretion less extensive surgery could be performed and confirmed the presence of focal lesions in two.