Immobilisation accuracy of double shell positioning system for stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors.

Introduction: Non-invasive frameless systems have paved its way for stereotactic radiotherapy treatments compared to gold standard invasive rigid frame-based systems as they are comfortable to patients, do not have risk of pain, bleeding, infection, frame slippage and have similar treatment efficacy.

Aim And Objective: To estimate immobilisation accuracy (interfraction and intrafraction) and PTV margins with double shell positioning system (DSPS) using daily image guidance for stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors.

Materials And Method: A prospective study was done in 19 cranial tumor patients with KPS ≥70, immobilized by the DSPS with mouth bite and treated with LINAC based image guided stereotactic radiotherapy.

Under recognized yet a clinically relevant impact of aneurysm location in Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery (DACA) aneurysms: insights from a contemporary surgical experience.

Aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) are rare but surgically challenging. Despite a known therapeutic implication of the aneurysm location on the DACA territory, the literature is unclear about its clinical and prognostic significance. Our surgical experience over the last 5 years was reviewed to compare the clinical, operative, and outcome characteristics between aneurysms located below the mid portion of the genu of the corpus callosum (called proximal aneurysms) to those distal to this point (called distal aneurysms).

How I do it: Exoscope assisted microsurgical ligation of type 1 spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.

Background: Type 1 Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare but curable vascular cause of myelopathy. Microneurosurgery is a very efficacious modality in treating them.

Method: A 26 year old gentleman with progressive flaccid paraparesis (LMN type) and urinary incontinence underwent surgery using exoscope for a right side T9-10 dAVF.

Optimum Surgical Strategies for Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Resection Extent, Visual Outcomes, and Vascular Injury.

Background/objective: Visual impairment affects 55%-80% of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (mSWMs) patients, making optic nerve decompression a critical surgical goal. Complete resection often leads to better visual outcomes. However, involvement of critical neurovascular structures increases postoperative morbidity and mortality, with vascular injury reported in 18%-20% of cases.

Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Surgical Strategy and Outcome based on Proposed Newer Classification.

Background: The ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm is the most frequent intra-cranial aneurysm treated at any neurosurgical department. These aneurysms arise from either the A1-A2-Acom artery junction or Acom artery. The surgical outcome depends on the age of the patient, time duration between ictus and surgery, and Hunt and Hess grade at admission.

Development of topical silver nano gel formulation of Bixin: Characterization, and evaluation of anticancer activity.

Objective: Skin cancer refers to the pathological condition characterized by the proliferation of atypical skin cells in an uncontrolled manner. Plant-based products such as bixin although show promising anticancer properties, but maintaining their stability in a formulation is a difficult task. The objective of the research is to formulate a silver nanoparticle gel preparation of bixin and evaluate its anticancer properties.

Occipital encephalocele: a retrospective analysis and assessment of post-surgical neurodevelopmental outcome.

Background: Encephalocele represent a group of disorders which is characterised by extracranial herniation of the leptomeninges, brain, and CSF through a structural defect in the cranium. They are usually associated with other intracranial anomalies which may impact the neurological development.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the predictors of neurological development of patients undergone surgical excision of occipital encephalocele.

Anterior clinoidectomy in low lying internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm.

Background: At times, a regulation internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction (ICA-P-Comm) aneurysm becomes a surgical hurdle owing to its close proximity to the anterior clinoid process, an immovable ICA and a concealed dominant P-Comm artery arising from the aneurysm neck.

Method: A 70 year old patient with a low lying ICA-P-Comm aneurysm underwent a "tailored" intradural clinoidectomy for aneurysm clipping.

Conclusion: A tailored anterior clinoidectomy to expose "just enough" allows a proximal ICA control in a suitable area, mobility of an atherosclerotic ICA and exposes the P-Comm artery origin which are essential in safe clipping of these aneurysms.

Long-term follow-up in high-grade meningioma and outcome analysis.

Objectives: The determinants of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for higher-grade meningiomas have not been clearly established and to summarize the long-term clinical outcome for patients with grade 2 or 3 meningioma and assess the PFS and OS factors.

Materials And Methods: The study included all individuals, who had undergone surgical removal of cerebral meningiomas between 2005 and 2020 and whose histological results suggested a World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or grade 3 diseases. Kaplan-Meier curves are plotted to examine tumor control and OS after the follow-up.

Computational investigation of 2, 4-Di Tert Butyl Phenol as alpha amylase inhibitor isolated from Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt using molecular docking, and ADMET parameters.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is the metabolic disorder most prevalent globally, accounting for a substantial morbidity rate. The conventional drugs available for the management of diabetes are either expensive or lack the required efficacy. The purpose of this research is to isolate and characterize an active phytoconstituent from Coccinia grandis and assess its anti-diabetic properties.

Alpha Amyrin Nano-Emulsion Formulation from Stem Bark of and its Characterization for Neuro-Behavioral Studies.

Objectives: Alpha-amyrin (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that exhibits erratic gastrointestinal absorption and poor blood-brain barrier permeability. The study aims to isolate AA from the stem bark of L. (Fb) (Moraceae), purify it, and formulate a nanoemulsion (NE) that may improve its bioavailability, characterization, and intranasal (IN) administration to Swiss albino mice to check its neurobehavioral effects in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.

Stereotactic biopsy for brain lesions: Doing more with less.

Objectives: Stereotactic biopsy (STB) is a potential diagnostic tool considering its minimal invasiveness, high diagnostic yield, and minimal associated complications. Over the years, various frame-based instrument systems and frameless stereotactic biopsy systems have emerged to be employed in clinical use. With this study, we intend to get more by doing less in the form of STB for the patients of doubtful intracranial lesions treated over the past 5 years.

Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the known causes of anovulatory fertility in the world. Previous research has linked oxidative stress could contribute to PCOS, and vanillic acid has shown antioxidant potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats.

Novel ibuprofen prodrug: A possible promising agent for the management of complications of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, varied, and complex brain condition that gradually impairs memory and cognitive function. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients who have a history of long-term NSAID use have a decreased risk of developing AD. The objective of this study is to conduct the structural analysis of a novel ibuprofen prodrug and test its anti-Alzheimer's properties.