Clarithromycin attenuates airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice through modulation of Kv1.3 channels and PI3K/Akt signaling.

Airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the important pathological feature of airway remodeling in asthma. While macrolides are not commonly used to treat asthma, they have been shown to have protective effects on the airways, in which mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of clarithromycin on airway EMT in asthma and its potential mechanism.

Unraveling the Molecular Landscape of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Severe Asthma: Identification of Biomarkers and Molecular Clusters.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a central role in chronic airway diseases. However, the precise genetic basis linking NETs to the development of severe asthma remains elusive. This study aims to unravel the molecular characterization of NET-related genes (NRGs) in severe asthma and to reliably identify relevant molecular clusters and biomarkers.

Precision medicine for severe asthma - Biological targeted therapy.

Severe asthma is a complex and heterogeneous chronic airway inflammatory disease. Current treatment strategies are increasingly focused on disease classification, facilitating the transition towards personalized medicine by integrating biomarkers and monoclonal antibodies for tailored therapeutic approaches. Several approved biological agents, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-4, anti-IL-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) monoclonal antibodies, have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbations, eosinophil counts, improving lung function, minimizing oral corticosteroid usage, and enhancing patients' quality of life.

Xingbei antitussive granules ameliorate cough hypersensitivity in post-infectious cough guinea pigs by regulating tryptase/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xingbei antitussive granules (XB) is a classic Chinese Medicine prescription for treating post-infectious cough(PIC), based on the Sanao Decoction from Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies in the Song Dynasty and Jiegeng decoction from Essentials of the Golden Chamber in the Han Dynasty. However, the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms are still ambiguous. In the present study, we endeavored to elucidate these underlying mechanisms.

Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy.

Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response.

The management and outcome of cryptococcosis in patients with different immune statuses and treatment protocols: A multicenter real-world study in Jiangsu Province - China.

Objective: The incidence of cryptococcosis is increasing in non-immunocompromised patients. However, the evidence on proper management is inadequate in this population. We conducted this multi-center real-world study in pulmonary cryptococcosis patients with different immune statuses, so as to provide practical evidence for optimized clinical management of cryptococcosis, especially for mild-to-moderate immunodeficient diseases patients.

Therapeutic drug monitoring and safety evaluation of voriconazole in the treatment of pulmonary fungal diseases.

Aims: The gene polymorphism of voriconazole metabolism-related liver enzyme is notable in East Asia population. It casts a significant influence on the rational use of voriconazole. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between steady-state voriconazole trough concentration (C) and adverse effects (AEs), especially hepatotoxicity.

Clinical features, treatment and outcomes of an outbreak of type 7 adenovirus pneumonia in centralized residence young adults.

Background: Human adenovirus type B7 (HAdV-B7) has been reported to cause pneumonia. However, there are limited data about the epidemiological and clinical features of HAdV-B7 pneumonia in young adults.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 52 patients diagnosed of human adenovirus B7 pneumonia in Nanjing, China from February 7, 2016, to February 20, 2016.

Clinical Features, Diagnostic Test Performance, and Prognosis in Different Subtypes of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe clinical features in different subtypes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA)-simple aspergilloma (SA), chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis (CFPA), aspergillus nodule (AN), and subacute invasive aspergillosis (SAIA), respectively, and identify long-term prognosis of CPA.

Methods: We reviewed patients diagnosed with different subtypes of CPA from 2002 to 2020 at Nanjing Jinling Hospital, China. We analyzed the clinical and survival information of five different subgroups.

Clinical features of cryptococcosis in patients with different immune statuses: a multicenter study in Jiangsu Province-China.

Background: Current guidelines support different management of cryptococcosis between severely immunodeficient and immunocompetent populations. However, few studies have focused on cryptococcosis patients with mild-to-moderate immunodeficiency. We performed this study to determine the clinical features of pulmonary (PC) and extrapulmonary cryptococcosis (EPC) and compared them among populations with different immune statuses to support appropriate clinical management of this public health threat.

A risk-predictive model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objectives: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These patients often have poor clinical outcomes. Early recognition of IPA in COPD is always challenging.

The Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Nonneutropenic Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

The goal of this study was to reveal the clinical manifestations of nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which are different from those of neutropenic patients. The clinical data of patients with nonneutropenic IPA were collected at the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, from February 2009 to November 2019. We analyzed the general conditions, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and laboratory tests of these IPA patients.

Clinical features and prognostic analysis of patients with Aspergillus isolation during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimen culture is widely performed for the identification of Aspergillus. We investigated the clinical features and prognosis of patients with Aspergillus isolation from LRT specimens during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: This is a 6-year single-center, real-world study.