Exosomes from polarized Microglia: Proteomic insights into potential mechanisms affecting intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Microglia are intracranial innate immune cell that play critical roles in Intracerebral hemorrhage through direct or indirect means. Vesicle transport is a fundamental mechanism of intercellular communication.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates motor impairment in Parkinson's disease: association with peripheral inflammatory regulatory T-cells and SYT6.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to treat various neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of rTMS on Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. Neuroinflammation like regulatory T-cells (Tregs) appears to be a key modulator of disease progression in PD.

Expert Consensus on the Application of Stem Cells in Psoriasis Research and Clinical Trials.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, systemic disease induced by individual-environmental interactions, and is often lifelong because of the difficulty of treatment. In recent years, a variety of targeted therapies, including biologics, have improved the lesions and quality of life of most psoriasis patients, but they still do not address the problem of relapse and may be associated with decreased efficacy or adverse events such as infections over time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for breakthroughs in psoriasis treatment and in relapse-delaying and non-pharmacologic strategies, and stem cell therapy for psoriasis has emerged.

Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Related Gonadal Dysfunction.

Aging-related hypogonadism involves complex mechanisms in humans, predominantly relating to the decline of multiple hormones and senile gonads. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are the main manifestations in men, while premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and menopause are the main forms in women. Anti-aging measures include lifestyle modification and resistance training, hormonal supplementation, stem cell therapy, metformin, and rapamycin.

Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions.

This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of age-related balance changes, highlighting their prevalence, underlying causes, and the impact they have on the elderly population. Central to this discussion is the exploration of various physiological changes that occur with aging, such as alterations in the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive systems, and musculoskeletal degeneration. We examine the role of neurological disorders, cognitive decline, and medication side effects in exacerbating balance issues.

Cerebellum and Aging: Update and Challenges.

The cerebellum plays a vital role in the aging process. With the aging of the cerebellum, there is a decline in balance and motor function, particularly fine motor skills, and an increased risk of falling. However, in recent years, numerous studies have revealed that the cerebellum has several roles besides balance and fine motor skills, such as cognitive function and memory.

Hypoxic Conditioning: A Potential Perioperative Strategy to Reduce Abdominal Aortic Occlusion-Related Injury in Mouse Proximal and Distal Organs.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO)- induced injury on the kidney, lower limb muscles, heart, and brain in mice, and the potential protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HyC). The experimental design employed an abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) model, and involved three groups of mice: sham, AAO, and AAO+HyC. Ten minutes after the AAO model, mice were subjected to hypoxic treatment lowering oxygen concentration to 5% within 45 minutes, and then returned to a normal oxygen environment.

Combination of Atractylenolide I, Atractylenolide III, and Paeoniflorin promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological recovery in a mouse model of ischemic Stroke.

Background: Prognosis is critically important in stroke cases, with angiogenesis playing a key role in determining outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Atractylenolide I (Atr I), Atractylenolide III (Atr III), and Paeoniflorin (Pae) in promoting angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia.

Methods: The bEnd.

Pericyte Dysfunction Contributes to Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses cognitive disorders associated with cerebrovascular disease, often manifesting as white matter lesions (WMLs), irrespective of precise triggers. The integrity of white matter is essential for neural communication and cognitive function maintenance. Persistent cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMLs are now acknowledged as a key driver of VCI and dementia, though their exact formation mechanism remains unclear.

NeuroD4 converts glioblastoma cells into neuron-like cells through the SLC7A11-GSH-GPX4 antioxidant axis.

Cell fate and proliferation ability can be transformed through reprogramming technology. Reprogramming glioblastoma cells into neuron-like cells holds great promise for glioblastoma treatment, as it induces their terminal differentiation. NeuroD4 (Neuronal Differentiation 4) is a crucial transcription factor in neuronal development and has the potential to convert astrocytes into functional neurons.

Remote ischemic conditioning alleviates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive decline and synaptic dysfunction via the miR-218a-5p/SHANK2 pathway.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), is the second leading cause of dementia. Although synaptic impairment plays a critical role in VCI, its exact mechanism remains unknown. Our previous research revealed that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) could alleviate cognitive decline resulting from CCH, however, its effects on synaptic impairment remain unclear.

Hypoxic postconditioning drives protective microglial responses and ameliorates white matter injury after ischemic stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high incidence and mortality. White matter repair plays an important role in the long-term recovery of neurological function after cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotective microglial responses can promote white matter repair and protect ischemic brain tissue.

Healthy Human Fecal Microbiota Transplantation into Mice Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity via AMPK/SOD2 Pathway.

Increasing evidence has shown that gut dysbacteriosis may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the specific mechanisms that link gut microbiota to PD remain unexplored. Given the critical roles of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of PD, we aimed to evaluate the interactions among the gut microbiota, BBB, and mitochondrial resistance to oxidation and inflammation in PD.

Aging During the Pandemic: Untangling the Complexities of COVID-19 and Geriatric Care.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to the global healthcare system, with the elderly population being particularly vulnerable. This comprehensive review synthesizes the findings from publications in "Aging and Disease", highlighting the unique challenges older adults encountered during the pandemic and providing solutions thereof. These studies provide invaluable insights into the elderly population's vulnerabilities and needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mitochondria and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Hotspot.

Growing evidence suggests that the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is on the rise with the aged population with substantially overlapping clinical and pathological features. The journal "Aging & Disease" portals are always responsive to publishing cutting-edge research on age-related neurodegeneration. Even though outstanding progress has recently been made in understanding NDs, the underlying mechanisms involved in neuronal degeneration are yet to be deciphered and addressed.

A Reliable Nonhuman Primate Model of Ischemic Stroke with Reproducible Infarct Size and Long-term Sensorimotor Deficits.

A nonhuman primate model of ischemic stroke is considered as an ideal preclinical model to replicate various aspects of human stroke because of their similarity to humans in genetics, neuroanatomy, physiology, and immunology. However, it remains challenging to produce a reliable and reproducible stroke model in nonhuman primates due to high mortality and variable outcomes. Here, we developed a focal cerebral ischemic model induced by topical application of 50% ferric chloride (FeCl) onto the MCA-M1 segment through a cranial window in the cynomolgus monkeys.

QEEG Signatures are Associated with Nonmotor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism: An Integrative Analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), share similar nonmotor symptoms. Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) can be used to examine the nonmotor symptoms. This study aimed to characterize the patterns of QEEG and functional connectivity (FC) that differentiate PD from PSP or MSA, and explore the correlation between the differential QEEG indices and nonmotor dysfunctions in PD and AP.

Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain.

Transplantation of Roxadustat-preconditioned bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function recovery through enhancing grafted cell survival in ischemic stroke rats.

Aims: The therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke is limited by its low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Roxadustat (FG-4592) pretreatment could promote the survival rate of grafted BMSCs and improve neurological function deficits in ischemia rats.

Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were constructed as stroke models in vitro and in vivo.

Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a generic term used for intracranial vascular disorders caused by the structural changes of cerebral microvessels, including the small arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. CSVD exhibits various neuroimaging features and is associated clinical characteristics. Although CSVD is recognized as the leading cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive.

Nonhuman primate models of ischemic stroke and neurological evaluation after stroke.

Nonhuman primates are closer to human beings than rodents in genetics, neuroanatomy, physiology and immunology. Nonhuman primates are therefore considered an ideal preclinical model to replicate various aspects of human stroke. Ischemia stroke models in nonhuman primates can better fit the physiological symptoms and changes in humans after cerebral ischemia.

Establishment of a Modified and Standardized Ferric Chloride-Induced Rat Carotid Artery Thrombosis Model.

Background: Ferric chloride is widely utilized in inducing thrombosis in small vessels of experimental animals. However, the lack of its application in large blood vessels of experimental animals and inconsistent concentration has limited its application. Therefore, we systematically tested the most suitable concentration and reliable induction time in the experiment of using ferric chloride to induce rat carotid artery thrombosis.