Risks and prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants and children with pulmonary hypoplasia, airway stenosis, congenital esophageal atresia, inborn errors of metabolism, or neuromuscular diseases in Japan.

Background: In March 2024, children with pulmonary hypoplasia, airway stenosis, congenital esophageal atresia, inborn errors of metabolism, and neuromuscular diseases became eligible for palivizumab in Japan. Despite limited epidemiological data, expert consensus guided the recommendation for palivizumab use in these children to ensure its proper application.

Objectives: This article outlines the proper use of palivizumab for RSV infection in infants and children with the specified conditions, aiming to enhance understanding of the medical basis for its clinical guidance.

[Clinical review of patients with seizures that developed during theophylline administration--(III) Safety of theophylline examined in patients who had sequelae or died].

Objective: To examine the causes of sequelae or death of patients who presented them subsequently to seizures that developed during theophylline administration.

Methods: Among 334 patients who had been examined in Study (I), we extracted 56 who had sequelae or died subsequently to the onset of seizures and examined their causes.

Results: Many patients had fever at the onset of seizures, many patients had neurologic predispositions prior to seizure onset, and only one patient was found to be free from fever and neurologic findings.

[A clinical review of patients with convulsions during theophylline administration II: points to consider in administration and prognosis as determined in patients with theophyline toxicosis].

Objectives: To discover features of patients with theophylline toxicosis among patients who developed convulsions during theophylline administration.

Methods: Fifteen patients, whose measured or estimated blood theophylline concentration at the time of convulsion development was >/=40 microg/mL, were extracted out of 334 patients who were reported between October 1987 and April 2004 and who developed convulsions during theophylline administration (oral theophylline: 255 patients; intravenous theophylline: 79 patients). Patient background, state of drug administration, blood theophylline concentration, presence or absence of status epilepticus, and outcome were examined.

Functional design of bacterial mechanosensitive channels. Comparisons and contrasts illuminated by random mutagenesis.

MscS and MscL are mechanosensitive channels found in bacterial plasma membranes that open large pores in response to membrane tension. These channels function to alleviate excess cell turgor invoked by rapid osmotic downshock. Although much is known of the structure and molecular mechanisms underlying MscL, genes correlating with MscS activity have only recently been identified.