Successful administration of clazosentan in subarachnoid hemorrhage patient with severe heart failure.

Background: Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, has been shown to prevent cerebral vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) effectively. However, clazosentan-induced pulmonary edema is a frequently reported adverse effect and a primary reason for discontinuing treatment. The presence of preexisting heart conditions predisposes patients to severe pulmonary edema; thus, the administration of clazosentan is generally contraindicated.

A Case of Scurvy Associated With Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, causes abnormalities in connective tissues and varied symptoms. We describe a patient with putaminal hemorrhage, a very rare presentation of scurvy. A 39-year-old man presented with weakness in the left arm and left leg.

Retrospective Observational Study of Patients With Subdural Hematoma Treated With Idarucizumab.

Use of anticoagulants is increasing with the aging of societies. The safe first-line drug is likely to be a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), but outcomes of treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with anticoagulants are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the clinical effect of idarucizumab as reversal therapy in elderly patients with TBI who were treated with dabigatran.

Evaluation of Brain Tumors Using Amide Proton Transfer Imaging: A Comparison of Normal Amide Proton Transfer Signal With Abnormal Amide Proton Transfer Signal Value.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of amide proton transfer (APT) signal characteristics in brain tumors and uninvolved brain tissue for patients with glioblastoma and those with brain metastases.

Methods: Using the mDIXON 3D-APT sequence of the fast spin echo method, an APT image was obtained. The mean APT signal values of tumor core, peritumor edema, ipsilateral normal-appearing white matter (INAWM), and contralateral normal white matter (CNAWM) were obtained and compared between glioblastoma and brain metastases.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis as an Initial Presentation of Ulcerative Colitis.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) that is potentially fatal once it occurs. This report describes a case of CVT that led to a diagnosis of UC. A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with CVT due to paresthesia and weakness and was hospitalized for treatment.

Quantitative Analysis of Mobile Proteins in Normal Brain Tissue by Amide Proton Transfer Imaging: Age Dependence and Sex Differences.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between age change and amide proton transfer (APT) signal in each region of the whole brain and to derive the standard value of APT signal in each brain region of normal adults.

Materials And Methods: Using the mDIXON 3-dimensional-APT sequence of the fast spin echo method, an APT image was obtained. In total, 60 patients (mean age, 49.

Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy caused by patent foramen ovale-related cryptogenic stroke: a case report.

Background: Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy (rTTC) is recognized as an atypical type of TTC. It has been suggested that neurological events are typical trigger of rTTC, especially in young individuals.

Case Summary: In this case report, we describe a 16-year-girl who presented with neurological deficits due to embolic stroke and acute heart failure.

Carotid Artery Stenting for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Dissection Developing from Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection: A Report of Two Cases.

Objective: Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is associated with carotid artery dissections (CADs). We report two cases of carotid artery stenting (CAS) for symptomatic CAD after ascending aortic replacement (AAR) for AAD.

Case Presentation: Case 1: A 51-year-old man with AAD was transferred to our institute.

Spontaneous Subclavian Artery Dissection Causing Ischemia of the Medulla Oblongata and Cerebellum.

Background: Spontaneous subclavian artery dissection is a rare etiology. Spontaneous artery dissection causing brain ischemia is rare in all ischemic strokes. However, in young to middle-aged patients with brain ischemia, spontaneous carotid or vertebral artery dissection causing ischemic stroke accounts for 10-25%.

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after endovascular covered stent grafting for a giant extracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery.

Symptomatic giant extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm is a rare and surgically intractable disease. Several authors have described successful treatments for extracranial ICA aneurysm. None, however, have described a perioperative evaluation of cerebral perfusion or a postoperative complication of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS).

A molecular screening approach to identify and characterize inhibitors of glioblastoma stem cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most lethal of all cancers. GBM consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells among which a tumor-initiating and treatment-resistant subpopulation, here termed GBM stem cells, have been identified as primary therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a high-throughput small molecule screening approach that enables the identification and characterization of chemical compounds that are effective against GBM stem cells.

Siomycin A targets brain tumor stem cells partially through a MELK-mediated pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease, and the current therapies have only palliative effect. Evidence is mounting to indicate that brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) are a minority of tumor cells that are responsible for cancer initiation, propagation, and maintenance. Therapies that fail to eradicate BTSCs may ultimately lead to regrowth of residual BTSCs.

BMPing off glioma stem cells.

Brain tumor stem cells (BTSC) bear some similarities to neural stem cells (NSC). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have a proproliferative effect on early embryonic NSC, and a prodifferentiative effect on postnatal NSC. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Lee et al.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is a key regulator of the proliferation of malignant brain tumors, including brain tumor stem cells.

Emerging evidence suggests that neural stem cells and brain tumors regulate their proliferation via similar pathways. In a previous study, we demonstrated that maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (Melk) is highly expressed in murine neural stem cells and regulates their proliferation. Here we describe how MELK expression is correlated with pathologic grade of brain tumors, and its expression levels are significantly correlated with shorter survival, particularly in younger glioblastoma patients.

Overexpressed Skp2 within 5p amplification detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization is associated with poor prognosis of glioblastomas.

To better understand the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to increase the accuracy of predicting outcomes for patients with this disease, we performed genome-wide screening for DNA copy-number aberrations in 22 glioma-derived cell lines using a custom-made comparative genomic hybridization-array. Copy-number gains were frequently detected at 3q, 7p, 7q, 20q, Xp and Xq, and losses at 4q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 11q, 13q, 14q, 18q, and 22q. Among several non-random chromosomal aberrations, the gain/amplification of DNA at 5p, which has never been reported before in GBM, was detected with a relatively high ratio (log2 ratio = 0.

[Benign intracranial hypertension resulting from corticosteroid withdrawal: case report].

We report a case of benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) resulting from corticosteroid withdrawal. A 36-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of an intractable headache. A neurological examination on admission showed no abnormalities other than a headache and nausea.