Metabolic detoxification and target site mutations associated with acetamiprid resistance in L.

Despite the continuous use of chemical interventions, -borne diseases remain on the rise. Neonicotinoids are new, safer, and relatively effective pharmacological interventions against mosquitoes. Neonicotinoids interact with the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the insect central nervous system, but the absence of nAChR polymorphism in resistant phenotypes makes their involvement in neonicotinoid resistance uncertain.