Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand.

This study identified the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 15 species of commonly consumed fish in Thailand (7 freshwater species, 8 marine species), as well as the risk of these toxic elements for consumers. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS-MS) was used to identify toxic elements, while an exposure assessment was conducted by applying consumption amounts from the national food consumption survey to the toxic element contents in the fish samples. The results showed that the fish contained arsenic ranging from less than the limit of detection (LOD) to 8.

Assessment of Exposure to Aluminum through Consumption of Noodle Products.

This study aimed to determine aluminum (Al) contents in commonly consumed noodles and estimate the risk of Al exposure through the consumption of noodles in the Thai population. A total of 80 samples, 20 samples each of rice stick noodles, egg noodles, wide rice noodles, and Thai rice noodles was purchased from markets in Bangkok Metropolitan and other four provinces in each region of Thailand. Wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) were used to determine Al contents.

Discordance in exclusive breastfeeding between maternal recall and deuterium dose-to-mother technique during the first 6 months of infants: A multi-country study in Asia.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the agreement in EBF between maternal recall and the dose-to-mother (DTM) technique.

Methods: Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam participated in the study. A total of 207 and 118 mother-infant pairs were assessed at 3 and 6 months of child's age.

Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Vitamin D in Commonly Consumed Mushrooms in Thailand.

This study examined the effect and stability of ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation and subsequent cooking on vitamin D content in commonly consumed mushrooms in Thailand. Eight varieties of mushrooms were exposed to two-sided UV-B lamps for up to 3 h in a patented cabinet, followed by vitamin D content analysis. Thereafter, the four mushroom varieties with the highest vitamin D content were exposed to UV irradiation, cooked, and analyzed for various forms of vitamin D using LC-MS-MS.

Collaborative Study for Iodine Monitoring in Mandatory Direct-Iodized Sauce in Thailand.

Direct iodization in fish sauce, soy sauce, and seasoning sauces plays a crucial role in optimizing the iodine intake of Thailand's people. However, determining the iodine content to ensure that these sauces meet the standard of Thailand's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is challenging. In this study, all local laboratories equipped with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and with experience in iodine analysis by any analytical method were invited to participate in a hands-on training workshop and two rounds of interlaboratory comparison.

Neuroprotective Effects of (L.) Benth. Leaf Extract against Glutamate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Human Microglial Cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by excessive glutamate in the central nervous system leads to neurodegeneration. (L.) Benth.

Vitamin D Content in Commonly Consumed Mushrooms in Thailand and Its True Retention after Household Cooking.

This study investigated the vitamin D level of nine species of cultivated mushrooms and three species of wild mushrooms commonly consumed in Thailand and the effect of cooking on their vitamin D content. Cultivated mushrooms were obtained from three wholesale markets, while wild mushrooms were collected from three trails in a conservation area. Mushrooms from each source were separated into four groups: raw, boiled, stir-fried, and grilled.

Development and Method Validation of Butyric Acid and Milk Fat Analysis in Butter Blends and Blended Milk Products by GC-FID.

Butyric acid is a short-chain saturated fatty acid with four carbon atoms in its molecule. It is unique to butter made from cow’s milk and is an indicator to evaluate the quality of butter and milk products as stated in their ingredient labels. This study determined the milk fat content of butter blends and blended milk products by analyzing the content of butyric acid prepared as derivatives of methyl esters prior to injection into a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC−FID).

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Selenium from Commonly Consumed Fish in Thailand.

Selenium (Se), abundantly obtained in fish, is a crucial trace element for human health. Since there are no data on Se bioaccessibility from commonly consumed fish in Thailand, this study assessed the in vitro bioaccessibility of Se using the equilibrium dialyzability method. The five fish species most commonly consumed in Thailand were selected to determine total Se content using several preparation methods (fresh, boiling, and frying).

Breastfeeding duration is associated with higher adiposity at 6-8 months of age.

Breastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a protective factor against childhood obesity. However, evidence of the association between BF duration and adiposity remains inconclusive. Few studies have been conducted among Southeast Asian infants that have measured body composition during infancy using the gold standard stable isotope method.

Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Selenium Content of Fish Commonly Consumed in Thailand.

Although fish are good sources of selenium (Se), an essential trace element for the human body, very limited data exist on Se content in commonly consumed fish in Thailand. Consequently, this study investigated selenium content and the effect of cooking among 10 fish species (5 freshwater and 5 marine) most-commonly consumed by the Thai people. The fish were purchased from three representative wholesale markets within or nearby to Bangkok.

Effects of Different Cooking Methods on the Vitamin D Content of Commonly Consumed Fish in Thailand.

This study determined vitamin D content in commonly consumed fish in Thailand and the effects of different cooking methods on vitamin D retention. Five species of freshwater fish and four species of marine fish were purchased from three representative markets. All of the fish were individually prepared according to common household practices.

Jerusalem Artichoke Powder Mixed in Enteral Feeding for Patients Who have Diarrhea in Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Method of Preparation and a Pilot Study.

Aim And Objective: The Jerusalem artichoke (.) is a tuber with high soluble fiber. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the method of preparation and pilot test this substance as an additive to enteral feeding.

Human Milk Intake of Thai Breastfed Infants During the First 6 Months Using the Dose-to-Mother Deuterium Dilution Method.

Background: Data on infant human milk intakes in low- and middle-income countries are limited, although the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother method (DTM) is an accurate tool for its estimation.

Objective: We assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), and partial breastfeeding (PartBF).

Methods: One hundred and ten healthy Thai lactating mother-infant pairs were followed from birth.

Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber.

This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. They were purchased, prepared, homogenized, and freeze-dried for further analysis using standard methods. All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.

Body mass index is associated with fat mass in normal, overweight/obese, and stunted preschool children in central Thailand.

Background And Objectives: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity. The relationship between BMI and body fatness varies by race, sex, and age and more variations have been found among children. This study investigated the relationship between BMI and fat mass among 3-5 year old children having different nutritional status.

Nutrients and bioactive compounds in popular and indigenous durian (Durio zibethinus murr.).

This study identified nutrients, fatty acids, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of two popular varieties (Mon-thong, Cha-ni) and two indigenous varieties (Kra-dum and Kob-ta-kam) of durian. Each of variety was collected from 3 gardens in Nonthaburi province, Thailand. At optimal ripeness, the edible part was separated, homogenised or freeze dried, as fresh or dry samples for further analysis using standard methods.

Inulin content of fortified food products in Thailand.

This study examined inulin content in 266 samples. They were 126 dried, 105 liquid and 27 semi-solid of twelve commercial inulin fortified food products and 8 samples of natural dried sunchoke. For dried food products, inulin content ranged from 3.

Development of cereal and legume based food products for the elderly.

Diets for elderly must contain nutritious foods, fit their physiological limitations, and match with their food culture. Cereals and legumes are suggested food choices regardless of their cultures and beliefs. Ready-to-eat products containing suitable macronutrient patterns from cereals and legumes were developed.

Laboratory performance on analysis of mandatory nutrients and preparation of nutrition labelling.

This study assessed the performance of 17 laboratories in Thailand in analysing mandatory nutrients in salted, fried broad bean and in using data to prepare nutrition labels. Nutrient levels in the test material, as robust mean (x(∗)) and robust standard deviation (s(∗)), were assigned in line with ISO 13528. Data obtained from the laboratories were statistically evaluated against these values.

Nutrients and bioactive compounds of Thai indigenous fruits.

This study determined the nutritional potential of Thai indigenous fruits in terms of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. Three indigenous fruits were collected at two conservation areas in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. The results showed that Phyllanthus emblica L.

Iodine stability and sensory quality of fermented fish and fish sauce produced with the use of iodated salt.

Background: Universal salt iodization promotes the use of iodated salt for producing industrial food products, although it might affect product quality and iodine stability.

Objective: To assess iodine loss during fermentation of fermented fish and fish sauces produced by using iodated salt and the effect on product sensory quality.

Methods: Fermented fish and fish sauces were produced with iodated rock and grain sea salts (approximately 30 ppm iodine).

Iron metabolism in heterozygotes for hemoglobin E (HbE), alpha-thalassemia 1, or beta-thalassemia and in compound heterozygotes for HbE/beta-thalassemia.

Background: Despite large populations carrying traits for thalassemia in countries implementing universal iron fortification, there are few data on the absorption and utilization of iron in these persons.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether iron absorption or utilization (or both) in women heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, alpha-thalassemia 1, or hemoglobin E (HbE) differed from that in control subjects and compound HbE/beta-thalassemia heterozygotes.

Design: In Thai women (n = 103), red blood cell indexes, iron status, non-transferrin-bound iron, and growth differentiation factor 15 were measured, and body iron was calculated.

Chili, but not turmeric, inhibits iron absorption in young women from an iron-fortified composite meal.

Chili and turmeric are common spices in indigenous diets in tropical regions. Being rich in phenolic compounds, they would be expected to bind iron (Fe)(3) in the intestine and inhibit Fe absorption in humans. Three experiments were conducted in healthy young women (n = 10/study) to assess the effect of chili and turmeric on Fe absorption from a rice-based meal containing vegetables and iron fortified fish sauce in vivo.