Variations of the extrapsoas course of the lumbar plexus with implications for the lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine: a cadaveric study.

Background: Together with an increased interest in minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine goes a demand for detailed anatomical descriptions of the lumbar plexus. Although definitions of safe zones and essential descriptions of topographical anatomy have been presented in several studies, the existing literature expects standard appearance of the neural structures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the variability of the extrapsoas portion of the lumbar plexus in regard to the lateral transpsoas approach.

Os supratrochleare anterius: a very rare clinical case and review of literature.

Purpose: The accessory bones around the elbow are very rare variant structures, present in approximately 0.7% of cases. They can cause diagnostic problems and can be mistaken for pathological structures, especially when pain and limitation of elbow movements are present and a trauma can be traced in the patient's history.

Anatomy of the iliopsoas notch and its relationship with morphology of the proximal femur.

Purpose: Discrepancy between the morphology of the acetabular margin and the design of hemispheric acetabular cups used in total hip arthroplasty may produce postoperative hip pain due to an iliopsoas impingement at the iliopsoas notch. This study aimed to determine the anatomical features of the iliopsoas notch in the Central European sample, and to test whether the morphology of the proximal femur affects the size of the iliopsoas notch.

Methods: The sample was composed of 40 matched pairs of dry hip bones and corresponding femora.

Fracture of an aberrant os styloideum: a unique case report.

Several accessory bones can be found around the wrist, which may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hereby, we report a unique case of a traumatic fracture of an aberrant os styloideum in a 66-year-old male. The patient presented with a swollen dominant right hand and a hematoma on its anterior and posterior aspects, as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand.

Scoping review of the palmaris profundus muscle: anatomy of a rare variant and its role in carpal tunnel syndrome.

The palmaris profundus muscle is a rare anatomical variation of the forearm muscles. It has been described in both cadaveric and clinical studies as a possible cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. We observed three cases of this variant in recent years and decided to perform a scoping review of this uncommon anatomical entity.

Does the articularis cubiti muscle really exist? Anatomical, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging study with a narrative review of literature.

Although the term articularis cubiti muscle is incorporated in the official anatomical nomenclature, only sparse data about its appearance are available. It is usually described as few fibres originating from the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle and inserting to the capsule of the elbow joint. However, the most recent observations regarding the morphological relations in the posterior elbow region point towards the absence of a well-defined muscle.

Osseous variations associated with physiological thinning of the glenoid articular cartilage: an osteological study with CT, MRI and arthroscopic correlations.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between osseous variations of the glenoid fossa and thinning of the overlaying articular cartilage.

Materials And Methods: In total, 360 dry scapulae, comprising adult, children and fetal specimens, were observed for potential presence of osseous variants inside the glenoid fossa. Subsequently, the appearance of the observed variants was evaluated using CT and MRI (each 300 scans), and in-time arthroscopic findings (20 procedures).

Anatomical variants complicating the posterior approaches towards the elbow joint.

Introduction: Anatomical variants observed during the posterior approach to the elbow joint require special attention due to their clinical relevance. We aim to present a compendious review of described variants potentially encountered during the posterior approach towards the elbow joint to the experts in the elbow surgery.

Methods: A narrative review of surgical and anatomical textbooks, as well as search of scientific databases was carried out.

Variations of the lumbrical muscles of the hand: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Lumbrical muscles of the upper limb belong to the middle group of intrinsic hand muscles. Their anatomical variability has been extensively studied with heterogeneous findings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the lumbrical muscles variations in the human hand.

An accessory muscle belly or an accessory muscle head? An unusual arrangement of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm.

Purpose: Knowledge of the unusual arrangement of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle is important as the variable tendon may be a rare cause of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: During a routine dissection at the Department of Anatomy, an unusual formation of the FPL muscle was observed in a formalin embalmed Central European cadaver.

Results: This report presents a variation of the FPL muscle, where the muscle split and formed a separate accessory head inserting into the first lumbrical muscle.

Prevalence and anatomy of the anomalous subclavius posticus muscle and its clinical implications with emphasis in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: Scoping review and meta-analysis.

Background: The subclavius muscle runs underneath the clavicle. However, there have been a few reports of a duplicated subclavius muscle which is commonly referred to as subclavius posticus muscle due to its orientation being posterior to the proper subclavius muscle. Its occurrence seems to potentially create a narrowing interval at the superior thoracic aperture as it crosses over the brachial plexus.

Osseous variability around the elbow joint.

There are many osseous variants that occur around the elbow joint such as supracondylar process, supratrochlear foramen, accessory ossicles, and others. Scientific databases were searched for variants around the elbow joint. Elbow radiographs from our center demonstrating some of these findings were included in the study.

A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part III - Branching of the infraclavicular part.

Introduction: The anatomy of the brachial plexus has been a subject of interest to many researchers over time resulting in an inconsistent amount of data. Previously, our team had published two evidence-based studies on the anatomical variations involving the brachial plexus, therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the findings regarding the infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus with the use of meta-analytic techniques to complete the comprehensive series.

Material And Methods: Major scientific databases were extensively searched to compile anatomical studies investigating the morphology of the infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus.

Accessory heads of the biceps brachii muscle: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The anatomy of the biceps brachii muscle has been a subject of interest to many researchers. In particular, the presence of one or more accessory heads has been reported to be the most common variation of the biceps brachii muscle. In fact, contemporary knowledge is quite inconsistent and lacks a definitive summary.

Main pitfalls of skin surgical suturing - review for junior surgeons and medical students.

Every surgeon starts the training with suturing, which can be very confusing as most of the senior surgeons have their own style, approach, tricks and different rules to follow. It is hard for residents and medical students to know what is an evidence-based rule that should be followed and what is a personal trick of their teacher that can be modified. We provide a review of current data on surgical suturing with all the reasons for specific techniques.

Spontaneous compartment syndrome of the forearm - case report.

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome is a serious complication of trauma and pathological disorders. Non-traumatic acute compartment syndrome is very rare and has no coherence with trauma. The case report demonstrates diagnostics difficulties and the treatment strategy.

Retrospective analysis of complications after treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture by Kessler technique.

Introduction: Open surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture comes with high ratio of complications. We have retrospectively evaluated those complications to find patients that would benefit from the mini-invasive technique.

Methods: We analysed all patients after surgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture between the years 2014 and 2020.

Acute and chronic Achilles tendon ruptures - current diagnostic and therapeutic options.

This review presents information on the epidemiology and current trends in the diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic Achilles tendon ruptures in middle-aged and elderly patients. Epidemiological data show an increasing incidence of ruptures among the entire population, especially in patients over 65 years of age. Dynamic sonography has become the gold standard diagnostic assessment, facilitating even therapeutic decision- making.

Posterior Interosseous Nerve Injury After a Fracture of Ulna and Radius: A Case Report.

The aim of this study is present a case of isolated injury to the branch of posterior interosseous nerve. A 27-year-old gentleman was presented with an inability to extend the ulnar three fingers of his left hand after sustaining closed fractures of the left ulna and radius after a motorbicycle accident. The patient recovered partially over the course of 3 months but continues to be functionally compromised by the persistent radial deviation of his left wrist and incomplete mobility of the ulnar 3 fingers upon extension.

A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part II - Branching of the supraclavicular part.

Introduction: The anatomy of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus is highly variable, therefore the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the various origins of the long thoracic, dorsal scapular, suprascapular and subclavian nerves.

Materials And Methods: Major electronic databases were searched to identify all cadaveric studies investigating the morphology of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus. Data on the origins of these nerves were extracted and classified.

A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part I - Roots, trunks, divisions and cords.

Introduction: The brachial plexus is a complex anatomical structure that gives rise to all the nerves of the upper limb. Its variability is frequently observed and represents a challenge for interventions in the lower neck and axilla. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive and evidence-based review with meta-analytic techniques on the variability of roots, trunks, divisions and cords of the brachial plexus.

Gestational gigantomastia-a rare entity complicated by life-threatening haemorrhage.

Gestational gigantomastia is a psychologically and physically debilitating disease of unknown aetiology. Underlying diseases that present as gigantomastia should be excluded by a thorough workup. Most cases respond to the preferred approach: conservative management, as foetal viability and well-being is of significant importance.

The arcade of Frohse: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The structure of the proximal margin of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle is of high interest to many researches. Its tendinous appearance, called the arcade of Frohse, may be clinically important because of its close relationship to the deep branch of the radial nerve passing beneath it and is considered to be the cause of several syndromes. Given the importance of this structure, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based review with meta-analytic techniques.