Publications by authors named "Kunal Jha"

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular harm.

Objectives: The study sought to explore the detailed relationships between smoking intensity, pack-years, and time since cessation with inflammation, thrombosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers of cardiovascular harm.

Methods: We included 182,364 participants (mean age 58.

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The use of digital technologies in education play a crucial role in providing new and innovative forms of delivering education to teachers and students as well as broadening the learning process. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize existing evidence in order to evaluate the application of digitalization in undergraduate and postgraduate dental education. A literature review was completed using PubMed, SCOPUS and DOAJ search engines, following the search strategy using the PICO criteria, to identify English-language articles published between January 2013 and June 2023 that reported the use of digitalization in dental education.

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Background: Understanding the association of tobacco product use with subclinical markers is essential in evaluating health effects to inform regulatory policy. This is particularly relevant for noncigarette products (eg, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco), which have been understudied because of their low prevalence in individual cohort studies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 450 participants from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco data set.

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Introduction: Premature advanced subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among young adults is an under-recognized and unique disease phenotype that has not been well characterized.

Methods: We used data from 44,047 participants with no prior CVD history (59.8% male) from the Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Consortium.

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Importance: Cardiovascular health outcomes associated with noncigarette tobacco products (cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco) remain unclear, yet such data are required for evidence-based regulation.

Objective: To investigate the association of noncigarette tobacco products with cardiovascular health outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted within the Cross Cohort Collaboration Tobacco Working Group by harmonizing tobacco-related data and conducting a pooled analysis from 15 US-based prospective cohorts with data on the use of at least 1 noncigarette tobacco product ranging between 1948 and 2015.

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Article Synopsis
  • The World Health Organization aims for governments to reduce health disparities and ensure universal healthcare access by 2030, and this article reviews oral health inequalities among older adults.
  • A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA standards, analyzing data from recent studies on oral health status and quality of life in the elderly, with 24 studies meeting eligibility criteria.
  • The results highlight that institutionalized elderly individuals often have poor oral health and are vulnerable, suggesting that targeted measures are needed to address their specific risk factors and improve their overall oral health-related quality of life.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the oral health of hard-of-hearing children in Cuttack city, using WHO's assessment tools to analyze their dietary and hygiene practices.
  • Conducted with 90 children aged 5 to 19, results indicated a high prevalence of dental issues, with 76.9% having dental caries and 82.4% experiencing gingival bleeding.
  • The findings showed a significant correlation between the severity of hearing loss and dental caries, emphasizing a need for improved oral health treatment and preventive measures in this demographic.
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This cross-sectional study included 18,797 participants from 6 longitudinal cohorts (CARDIA, FHS Gen III, HCHS/SOL, MESA, MiHeart, and REGARDS), and 5,806 of them had high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements. We found that exclusive electronic cigarette (EC) use was associated with significantly lower hs-CRP levels compared to exclusive combustible cigarette use, suggesting a potentially lower inflammatory burden. hs-CRP levels in dual users and former smokers currently using EC were comparable to those observed in exclusive cigarette smokers.

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Background: A frequent sleep condition linked to considerable morbidity and death is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is not the only noninvasive treatment option for OSA. Another option is oral appliance therapy (OAT).

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Reaching beyond the commonly used spherical atomic electron density model allows one to greatly improve the accuracy of hydrogen atom structural parameters derived from X-ray data. However, the effects of atomic asphericity are less explored for electron diffraction data. In this work, Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR), a method that uses an accurate description of electron density by quantum mechanical calculation for a system of interest, was applied for the first time to the kinematical refinement of electron diffraction data.

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3D electron diffraction (3D ED), or microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED), has become an alternative technique for determining the high-resolution crystal structures of compounds from sub-micron-sized crystals. Here, we considered L-alanine, α-glycine and urea, which are known to form good-quality crystals, and collected high-resolution 3D ED data on our in-house TEM instrument. In this study, we present a comparison of independent atom model (IAM) and transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM) kinematical refinement against experimental and simulated data.

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Mitral annular calcification (MAC) may be a potential marker of biologic aging. However, the association of MAC with noncardiovascular measures, including bone mineral density (BMD), incident renal failure, dementia, and noncardiovascular mortality, is not well-studied in a multiracial cohort. We used data from 6,814 participants (mean age: 62.

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Background And Aims: Calcific aortic valve disease is associated with increased thrombin formation, platelet activation, decreased fibrinolysis, and subclinical brain infarcts. We examined the long-term association of aortic valve calcification (AVC) with newly diagnosed dementia and incident stroke in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Methods: AVC was measured using non-contrast cardiac CT at Visit 1.

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Background: Aortic valve calcification (AVC), Lp(a) [lipoprotein(a)], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with severe aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to determine which of these risk factors were most strongly associated with the risk of incident severe AS.

Methods: A total of 6792 participants from the MESA study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) had computed tomography-quantified AVC, Lp(a), and LDL-C values at MESA visit 1 (2000-2002).

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Aim: The present research was carried out to evaluate the amount of usage of dental care opportunities and also to assess the problems faced by health care workers (HCWs) of a south Indian district in using dental services.

Methodology: This study had around 500 participants who belonged from various health care sectors who were selected with the help of multistage sampling. The data obtained from this cross-sectional research was analysed statistically using SPSS 22.

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Aim: To assess the dental caries experience in relation to nutritional status among 6-12- year-old school-going children and those with congenital heart disease in Bhubaneswar city.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6-12-year-old healthy school-going children and those with congenital heart disease for a period of 6 months (October 2019-March 2020) in Bhubaneswar, India. Type III clinical examination was carried out as per American Dental Association (ADA) specifications using plane mouth mirrors and community periodontal index (CPI) probes.

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Background: The term ""e-health"" refers to all technological applications in the delivery of a more affordable, high-speed, and widely accessible mode of health care. It is a definite solution to managing the public's health and well-being during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and doctors from all fields of expertise are required to be at par with it in terms of knowledge, attitude, and readiness to use it to their advantage under the current circumstances.

Materials And Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the faculty, postgraduates, and interns of the medical and dental schools of a university, which used an expert-validated self-administered questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, and readiness to use e-health.

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Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology is a speciality department of dentistry which deals with identification of diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial regions and investigates the cause, processes and effect of these diseases. Books, internet, lectures have made great progress but there is still a gap between students' understanding and interest in the subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse the challenges faced by undergraduate students in understanding oral pathology theory & practical and modify the teaching process accordingly.

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Objective: The effectiveness of coronary artery calcification (CAC) for risk stratification in obesity, in which imaging is often limited because of a reduced signal to noise ratio, has not been well studied.

Methods: Data from 9334 participants (mean age: 53.3 ± 9.

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While the impact of combustible cigarette smoking on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well-established, the longitudinal association of non-traditional tobacco products with subclinical and clinical CVD has not been fully explored due to: 1) limited data availability; and 2) the lack of well-phenotyped prospective cohorts. Therefore, there is the need for sufficiently powered well-phenotyped datasets to fully elucidate the CVD risks associated with non-cigarette tobacco products. The Cross-Cohort Collaboration (CCC)-Tobacco is a harmonized dataset of 23 prospective cohort studies predominantly in the US.

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Background: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about intellectual property rights (IPRs) among medical, dental, and nursing students and faculties in a tertiary institute through cross-sectional survey in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha.

Materials And Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from October to December, 2021 in a tertiary institution in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha. A self-structured, 29 close-ended questionnaires based on IPRs was used in the survey.

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Article Synopsis
  • Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a major cause of aortic stenosis (AS) and was studied to see how common it is and how it affects the risk of developing severe AS over time.
  • In a study with over 6,800 participants, researchers used noncontrast cardiac CT scans to measure AVC and found that it was present in 13.4% of participants, with higher levels of AVC occurring more often in older men and White individuals.
  • The results showed that higher AVC scores significantly increased the risk of developing severe AS, indicating that AVC assessments can help predict long-term cardiovascular health risks.
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Aspherical atom refinement is the key to achieving accurate structure models, displacement parameters, hydrogen-bond lengths and analysis of weak interactions, amongst other examples. There are various quantum crystallographic methods to perform aspherical atom refinement, including Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) and transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM) refinement. Both HAR and TAAM have their limitations and advantages, the former being more accurate and the latter being faster.

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Purpose Of Review: This forward-looking review summarizes existing evidence from cardiovascular outcome trials on cardiometabolic risk-reduction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, with attention to updating and personalizing recommendations from recent diabetes practice guidelines issued by cardiology societies.

Recent Findings: T2DM management has shifted towards cardiometabolic outcome improvement rather than purely glycemic control. According to large clinical trials, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors showed robust results in reducing heart failure (HF) hospitalization and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, while glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists demonstrated the largest effects on HbA1c reduction, weight loss, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes prevention, including stroke.

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